What does 悩む mean?
悩む is a Japanese verb meaning “to be troubled” or “to agonise (over)” in English. It is written as 悩む in kanji, なやむ in hiragana, and nayamu in romaji. This word is part of JLPT N3 vocabulary.
Example sentences
彼は仕事のことで悩んでいる。
He's troubled about his work.
何を着るか、一時間も悩んだ。
I agonised for an hour over what to wear.
Conjugation of 悩む
| Affirmative | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| Plain | 悩むなやむ | 悩まないなやまない |
| Plain past | 悩んだなやんだ | 悩まなかったなやまなかった |
| Polite | 悩みますなやみます | 悩みませんなやみません |
| Polite past | 悩みましたなやみました | 悩みませんでしたなやみませんでした |
Other forms
Te-form悩んでなやんで
Potential悩めるなやめる
Passive悩まれるなやまれる
Volitional悩もうなやもう
Causative悩ませるなやませる
Conditional悩めばなやめば
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Transitive partner
悩む (it happens by itself)·悩ます (someone does it)
悩む describes something happening by itself. 悩ます describes someone doing it to something. Japanese keeps these apart where English often uses one verb for both.