JLPT N1 Vocabulary List

Over 3,400 words with readings, romaji, and English meanings

JLPT N1 is the highest level, and passing it says you can handle Japanese at close to the level of an educated native adult. It covers academic and literary language, dense written material, technical and specialised vocabulary, and the kind of subtle nuance that takes years to pick up.

What JLPT N1 covers

The N1 vocabulary is huge and full of words you will only see now and then: formal and literary terms, academic and technical language, idioms, four-character compounds (yojijukugo), and expressions that carry historical or cultural weight. It is by far the largest vocabulary load of any level, well over 4,000 new words, and the kanji count reaches around 2,000, which is essentially the full set of everyday-use characters.

Grammar and particles at this level

N1 grammar is less about new structures and more about the rare, formal, and literary patterns you find in serious writing and careful speech. A lot of it shows up so rarely that it is hard to absorb by exposure alone, so reading dense, real Japanese is the main way most of it sticks.

How to study N1

N1 comes down to breadth, and there is not really a shortcut. The most useful thing you can do is read widely in real Japanese, across novels, essays, news, and technical writing, while keeping a steady review habit for the low-frequency words you only run into occasionally. Progress feels slow at this stage, simply because the words you have left are rare ones.

All N1 words

～網～もう～mou

~ network

どうやらdouyara

it seems like, somehow or other

何だかなんだかnandaka

a little, somewhat, somehow

いかにもikanimo

truly (same as 実に (じつに))

to turn head, to turn around, to look back

訪れるおとずれるotozureru

to visit

引きずるひきずるhikizuru

to drag along, to pull, to prolong

もしかしてmoshikashite

perhaps, possibly

どうにかdounika

in some way or other, one way or another

受け入れるうけいれるukeireru

to accept, to receive

かつてkatsute

once, before, formerly

果たすはたすhatasu

to accomplish, to fulfill, to carry out, to achieve

主人公しゅじんこうshujinkou

protagonist

事業じぎょうjigyou

project, enterprise, business

尽くすつくすtsukusu

to exhaust, to run out; to devote, to serve

発生はっせいhassei

outbreak, spring forth, occurrence

to endure, to put up with

なによりnaniyori

most, best

即座にそくざにsokuzani

immediately, right away

to take back, to regain

agreement, consent; same meaning

我が～ga～

ego

差し出すさしだすsashidasu

to present, to submit, to hold out

反応はんのうhannou

reaction, response

超ちょうchou

super-, ultra-, hyper-

指摘してきshiteki

pointing out, identification

発言はつげんhatsugen

utterance, speech, proposal

bowl, vessel, container

開発かいはつkaihatsu

development, exploitation

victory, triumph, win

to perpetrate, to violate

交渉こうしょうkoushou

negotiation

誠にまことにmakotoni

indeed, really (very polite), absolutely

確信かくしんkakushin

conviction, confidence

本気ほんきhonki

seriousness, truth, sanctity

提供ていきょうteikyou

offer, program sponsoring

いかにikani

how, in what way

わざわざwazawaza

take the trouble (to do), doing something especially rather than incidentally

～光～こう～kou

light

受け止めるうけとめるuketomeru

to catch, to react to, to take

establishment, facility

保つたもつtamotsu

to keep, to preserve, to sustain

to accompany, to bring with

to withdraw, to leave, to pull out

にも関わらずにもかかわらずnimokakawarazu

in spite of, nevertheless

to run away, to escape from

乗り込むのりこむnorikomu

to board, to get into (a car); to march into, to enter

to tackle, to engage in a bout, to come to grips with

勝手かってkatte

kitchen; one's way, selfishness

上昇じょうしょうjoushou

rising, ascending, climbing

exceedingly, extremely (written expression)

一切いっさいissai

without exception, the whole

飲み込むのみこむnomikomu

to gulp down, to swallow deeply, to understand

もたらすmotarasu

to bring, to take, to bring about

もはやmohaya

already, now

満たすみたすmitasu

to satisfy, to ingratiate, to fill, to fulfill

込めるこめるkomeru

to include, to put into

政策せいさくseisaku

political measures, policy

scale, scope, plan, structure

拒否きょひkyohi

denial, rejection, refusal

colleagues, company, a lot

いやらしいiyarashii

unpleasant, disgusting, indecent

to hold back; to make notes

非難ひなんhinan

blame, attack, criticism

いい加減いいかげんiikagen

random, irresponsible

成り立つなりたつnaritatsu

to consist of; to be practical (logical, feasible, viable), to be concluded, to hold true

盛り上がるもりあがるmoriagaru

to rouse, to swell, to rise

one's possessions, ownership

とりあえずtoriaezu

at once, first of all, for the time being

見逃すみのがすminogasu

to miss, to overlook, to leave at large

to put in order, to arrange, to adjust; to get ready, to prepare; to raise money

要するようするyousuru

to demand, to require, to take

to reach, to make it somehow

案じるあんじるanjiru

to be anxious, to ponder

urgent, pressing, emergency

付け加えるつけくわえるtsukekuwaeru

to add one thing to another

魔法使いまほうつかいmahoutsukai

wizard

戦闘せんとうsentou

battle, fight, combat

支持しじshiji

support

見渡すみわたすmiwatasu

to look out over, to survey (scene), to take an extensive view of

権力けんりょくkenryoku

(political) power, authority, influence

background, scenery, setting

生かすいかすikasu

to keep something alive; to make use of

絶えるたえるtaeru

to die out, to become extinct

意図いとito

intention, aim, design

holding a meeting, open an exhibition

念ねんnen

sense, feeling, desire

組み合わせるくみあわせるkumiawaseru

to join together, to combine, to join up

recognition, cognizance

職員しょくいんshokuin

staff member, personnel

闇やみyami

darkness, shady, illegal

文書ぶんしょbunsho

document, writing

処分しょぶんshobun

disposal, dealing, punishment

通常つうじょうtsuujou

common, normal, usual

however, nevertheless

一面いちめんichimen

one side, the other hand

逃れるのがれるnogareru

to escape

取り巻くとりまくtorimaku

to surround, to circle, to enclose

踏み込むふみこむfumikomu

to step into (someone else's territory, to break into, to raid

defense, pleading, advocacy

体力たいりょくtairyoku

physical strength

遂げるとげるtogeru

to accomplish, to achieve, to carry out

shock, crash, impact, ballistic

ちらっとchiratto

at a glance, by accident

根拠こんきょkonkyo

basis, foundation

定めるさだめるsadameru

to decide, to determine

抜け出すぬけだすnukedasu

to slip out, to sneak away, to excel

打ち込むうちこむuchikomu

to devote oneself to, to shoot into

内部ないぶnaibu

interior, inside, internal

制服せいふくseifuku

uniform

漏れるもれるmoreru

to leak out, to escape, to filter out

使用人しようにんshiyounin

employee, servant

獲得かくとくkakutoku

acquisition, possession

思考しこうshikou

thought

貧乏びんぼうbinbou

poverty, destitute, poor

概念がいねんgainen

general idea, concept, notion

動機どうきdouki

motive, incentive

所属しょぞくshozoku

attached to, belong to

負担ふたんfutan

burden; load

漂うただようtadayou

to drift about, to float, to hang in air

取り分けとりわけtoriwake

especially, above all

打ち明けるうちあけるuchiakeru

to confess, to be open

取引とりひきtorihiki

transactions, dealings, business

捧げるささげるsasageru

to lift up, to give, to offer

押し込むおしこむoshikomu

to push into, to crowd into

幽霊ゆうれいyuurei

ghost, specter, phantom

投資とうしtoushi

investment

人格じんかくjinkaku

personality, character

いざiza

now, come (now), crucial moment

立ち去るたちさるtachisaru

to leave, to depart

空間くうかんkuukan

space, room, airspace

言い訳いいわけiiwake

excuse, explanation

受け継ぐうけつぐuketsugu

to inherit, to succeed

conception, pregnancy

改革かいかくkaikaku

reform, reformation, innovation

立ち寄るたちよるtachiyoru

to stop by, to drop in for a short visit

独自どくじdokuji

original, peculiar, characteristic

取り除くとりのぞくtorinozoku

to remove, to take away, to set apart

作用さようsayou

operation, effect, function

目覚めるめざめるmezameru

to wake up

崩壊ほうかいhoukai

collapse, decay (physics), crumbling

所在しょざいshozai

whereabouts

掲げるかかげるkakageru

to hoist, to fly (a sail), to float (a flag)

追い込むおいこむoikomu

to herd, to corner, to drive

伝説でんせつdensetsu

tradition, legend, folklore

悟るさとるsatoru

to attain enlightenment, to understand

取り付けるとりつけるtoritsukeru

to furnish, to install; to get someone's agreement

確保かくほkakuho

guarantee, insure, secure

仕上げるしあげるshiageru

to finish up, to complete

道場どうじょうdoujou

(arch) dojo, hall used for martial arts training, mandala

富むとむtomu

to be rich, to become rich

追い出すおいだすoidasu

to expel, to drive out

見合わせるみあわせるmiawaseru

to exchange glances; to postpone

to incline, to tilt, to bend

孤独こどくkodoku

isolation, loneliness, solitude

見なすみなすminasu

to consider as, to regard

決断けつだんketsudan

decision, determination

反するはんするhansuru

to be inconsistent with, to oppose, to contradict

階級かいきゅうkaikyuu

class, rank, grade

固めるかためるkatameru

to harden, to freeze, to fortify

ありふれるarifureru

common, ordinary, routine

事項じこうjikou

matter(s), item(s), facts

申し出るもうしでるmoushideru

to report to, to tell, to suggest

個性こせいkosei

individuality, personality, idiosyncrasy

網あみami

net

養うやしなうyashinau

to rear, to maintain, to cultivate

実家じっかjikka

(one's parents') home

設立せつりつsetsuritsu

establishment, foundation, institution

報酬ほうしゅうhoushuu

remuneration, recompense, reward

助言じょげんjogen

advice, suggestion

焦るあせるaseru

to be in a hurry, to be impatient

～きり～kiri

only

同情どうじょうdoujou

sympathy, compassion, sympathize

registration, register, record

名誉めいよmeiyo

honor, credit, prestige

battle formation, camp, encampment

決意けついketsui

decision, determination

告白こくはくkokuhaku

confession, acknowledgment

尽きるつきるtsukiru

to be used up, to be run out

理性りせいrisei

reason, sense

悪化あっかakka

deterioration, worsen

到達とうたつtoutatsu

reaching, attaining, arrival

deliberately, carefully

象徴しょうちょうshouchou

symbol

添えるそえるsoeru

to add to, to attach, to accompany

判決はんけつhanketsu

judicial decision, judgment, sentence, decree

好意こういkoui

good will, favor, courtesy

to let loose, to set free, to let escape

誠実せいじつseijitsu

sincere, honest, faithful

極端きょくたんkyokutan

extreme, extremity

収まるおさまるosamaru

to settle into; to be obtained

災害さいがいsaigai

calamity, disaster, misfortune

投げ出すなげだすnagedasu

to abandon, to throw out

処置しょちshochi

treatment

把握はあくhaaku

grasp, catch, understanding

事前じぜんjizen

prior, beforehand, in advance

matter, thing, affair, circumstance

to recite, to chant, to call upon

嫉妬しっとshitto

jealousy

設定せっていsettei

establishment, creation

形成けいせいkeisei

formation

正常せいじょうseijou

normalcy, normality, normal

(money) on hand or at home, one's purse; usual skill

敏感びんかんbinkan

sensibility, susceptibility, sensitive (to)

惑星わくせいwakusei

planet

真相しんそうshinsou

truth, real situation

本質ほんしつhonshitsu

essence, true nature, reality

大胆だいたんdaitan

bold, daring, audacious

arms, weapons, ordinance

業務ぎょうむgyoumu

business, duties, work

専用せんようsen'you

exclusive use, personal use

果てるはてるhateru

to end, to be finished, to be exhausted

かろうじてkaroujite

barely, narrowly

権威けんいken'i

authority, power, influence

うんざりunzari

tedious, boring, being fed up with

誤るあやまるayamaru

to make a mistake

導くみちびくmichibiku

to be guided, to be shown

徒歩とほtoho

walking, going on foot

物体ぶったいbuttai

object

勢力せいりょくseiryoku

influence, power, might, strength

染めるそめるsomeru

to dye, to color

防衛ぼうえいbouei

defense, protection, self-defense

看護かんごkango

nursing

押し寄せるおしよせるoshiyoseru

to push aside, to advance on

情熱じょうねつjounetsu

passion, enthusiasm, zeal

貴族きぞくkizoku

noble, aristocrat

正義せいぎseigi

justice, right, righteousness

漠然ばくぜんbakuzen

obscure, vague, equivocal

屋敷やしきyashiki

mansion

云々うんぬんunnun

and so on, and so forth

a look, a glimpse, glance; first meeting

作戦さくせんsakusen

military operations, tactics, strategy

恐れおそれosore

fear, horror

情勢じょうせいjousei

state of things, condition, situation

不良ふりょうfuryou

badness, delinquent, failure

raw materials, subject matter

堂々どうどうdoudou

magnificent, grand, impressive

警戒けいかいkeikai

warning, admonition, vigilance

負傷ふしょうfushou

injury, wound

促すうながすunagasu

to urge, to suggest, to demand

効率こうりつkouritsu

efficiency

舞うまうmau

to dance, to flutter about, to revolve

感染かんせんkansen

infection, contagion

監視かんしkanshi

observation, guarding, surveillance

far, far-away, distant

to extend, to stretch out, to stand in a row

当てあてate

expectations; depend

乃至ないしnaishi

from...to, between...and, or

疲労ひろうhirou

fatigue, weariness

始末しまつshimatsu

disposal; cleaning up afterwards

依存いぞんizon

dependence, dependent, reliance

入手にゅうしゅnyuushu

obtaining, coming to hand

施すほどこすhodokosu

to give, to conduct, to perform

向上こうじょうkoujou

rise, improvement, progress

本能ほんのうhonnou

instinct

設けるもうけるmoukeru

to create, to establish

出現しゅつげんshutsugen

appearance, arrival

退職たいしょくtaishoku

retirement (from office)

特有とくゆうtokuyuu

characteristic (of, peculiar (to))

貫くつらぬくtsuranuku

to go through

取り扱うとりあつかうtoriatsukau

to treat, to handle, to deal in

免れるまぬがれるmanugareru

to escape from, to be exempted

to fuss over, to be particular about

廃止はいしhaishi

abolition, repeal

衣装いしょうishou

clothing, costume, outfit

association, society, organization

固定こていkotei

fixation, fixing (e.g., salary, capital)

要因よういんyouin

primary factor, main cause

あっさりassari

easily, readily, quickly

死刑しけいshikei

death penalty

放り出すほうりだすhouridasu

to throw out, to give up, to abandon

原則げんそくgensoku

principle, general rule

財政ざいせいzaisei

economy, financial affairs

覚えおぼえoboe

memory, sense, experience

side, sidelight, lateral

職務しょくむshokumu

professional duties

群衆ぐんしゅうgunshuu

(social) group, crowd, mob

誘惑ゆうわくyuuwaku

temptation, allurement, lure

知的ちてきchiteki

intellectual

なおさらnaosara

all the more, still less

根本こんぽんkonpon

foundation, root, base

予感よかんyokan

presentiment, premonition

強制きょうせいkyousei

obligation, compulsion, enforcement

secret, private, surreptitious

for…(e.g., In a letter)

従事じゅうじjuuji

engaging, pursuing, following

避難ひなんhinan

taking refuge, finding shelter

宣言せんげんsengen

declaration, proclamation, announcement

資産しさんshisan

property, fortune, assets

野生やせいyasei

wild

正解せいかいseikai

correct, right answer, solution

dispersion, decentralization, variance (statistics)

gathering up, collection

人民じんみんjinmin

people, public

費やすついやすtsuiyasu

to spend, to devote, to waste

面するめんするmensuru

to face on, to look out on to

自尊心じそんしんjisonshin

self-respect, conceit

問い合わせるといあわせるtoiawaseru

to inquire, to seek information

奉行ぶぎょうbugyou

magistrate

明かすあかすakasu

to reveal; to stay up

条約じょうやくjouyaku

treaty, pact

出世しゅっせshusse

promotion, successful career, eminence

脱出だっしゅつdasshutsu

escape

不意ふいfui

sudden, abrupt, unexpected

indispensable, essential

大幅おおはばoohaba

full width, large scale, drastic

運営うんえいun'ei

management, administration, operation

辿るたどるtadoru

to follow (road, to pursue (course), to follow up

強烈きょうれつkyouretsu

strong, intense, severe

uniform, similar, equal

一連いちれんichiren

a series, a chain, a ream (of paper)

保管ほかんhokan

custody, safekeeping, storage

放り込むほうりこむhourikomu

to throw into

設置せっちsetchi

establishment, institution

収容しゅうようshuuyou

accommodation; seating; custody

肝心かんじんkanjin

essential, fundamental, crucial

不在ふざいfuzai

absence

義理ぎりgiri

debt of gratitude, obligation

賢明けんめいkenmei

wisdom, intelligence, prudence

崖がけgake

cliff

同盟どうめいdoumei

alliance, union, league

衰えるおとろえるotoroeru

to become weak, to decline

鮮やかあざやかazayaka

vivid, clear

要請ようせいyousei

claim, demand, request, application

to forge, to train, to discipline

正当せいとうseitou

just, due, proper

組み込むくみこむkumikomu

to insert, to include, to cut in (printing)

部門ぶもんbumon

class, group, category, department, field, branch

secrecy, privacy, secret

洪水こうずいkouzui

flood

任命にんめいninmei

appointment, nomination, ordination

脅すおどすodosu

to threaten, to menace

有するゆうするyuusuru

to own, to be endowed with

青春せいしゅんseishun

youth, springtime of life, adolescent

微笑びしょうbishou

smile

大金たいきんtaikin

large amount of money

天国てんごくtengoku

paradise, heaven, Kingdom of Heaven

細胞さいぼうsaibou

cell

見通しみとおしmitooshi

perspective, unobstructed view, prospect

原子げんしgenshi

atom

嘆くなげくnageku

to sigh, to lament, to grieve

reasoning, inference, mystery or detective genre

仕えるつかえるtsukaeru

to serve, to work for

察するさっするsassuru

to guess, to sense, to judge

sky, high-altitude sky, upper air

到底とうていtoutei

(cannot) possibly

愚痴ぐちguchi

idle complaint, grumble

催すもよおすmoyoosu

to hold (a meeting), to give (a dinner)

顎あごago

chin

参照さんしょうsanshou

reference, consultation, consultation

to get into, to go into, to fit, to be fit for, to suit

軍事ぐんじgunji

military affairs

異議いぎigi

objection, dissent, protest

復活ふっかつfukkatsu

revival (e.g., musical), restoration

arrangement (of resources), disposition

勝るまさるmasaru

to excel, to surpass, to out-rival

出血しゅっけつshukketsu

bleeding

きっぱりkippari

clearly, plainly, distinctly

権限けんげんkengen

power, authority, jurisdiction

凝るこるkoru

to stiffen, to harden

排除はいじょhaijo

exclusion, removal, rejection

確立かくりつkakuritsu

establishment

応募おうぼoubo

subscription, application

愛想あいそうaisou

sociability

受け付けるうけつけるuketsukeru

to be accepted, to receive (an application)

中断ちゅうだんchuudan

interruption, suspension, break

出くわすでくわすdekuwasu

to happen to meet, to come across

first year (of a specific reign)

to seclude oneself, to be confined in

本音ほんねhonne

(one's) real intention, motive

乏しいとぼしいtoboshii

meager, scarce, hard up, poor

称するしょうするshousuru

to take the name of, to call oneself

injustice, impropriety, unfair

電源でんげんdengen

source of electricity, power (e.g., button on TV)

営むいとなむitonamu

to carry on (e.g., in ceremony), to run a business

潮しおshio

tide

登校とうこうtoukou

attendance (at school)

物足りないものたりないmonotarinai

unsatisfied, unsatisfactory

再生さいせいsaisei

playback, regeneration, resuscitation

放射ほうしゃhousha

radiation, emission

有力ゆうりょくyuuryoku

influence, prominence; potent

健全けんぜんkenzen

health, soundness, wholesome

to deceive, to falsify, to misrepresent

厳密げんみつgenmitsu

strict, close

赤字あかじakaji

deficit, go in the red

再会さいかいsaikai

meeting again, reunion

提示ていじteiji

presentation, exhibit, suggest, citation

会見かいけんkaiken

interview, conference

arms, armament, armed

放置ほうちhouchi

leave as is, leave alone, neglect

手配てはいtehai

arrangement, search (by police)

閉鎖へいさheisa

closing, closure, shutdown

一部分いちぶぶんichibubun

a part, a portion

一同いちどうichidou

all present, all concerned, all of us

視野しやshiya

field of vision, outlook

活発かっぱつkappatsu

vigor, active

政権せいけんseiken

(political) administration, political power

出演しゅつえんshutsuen

leading performer, stage appearance

久しいひさしいhisashii

long, long-continued, old (story)

prediction, promise, prognostication

自立じりつjiritsu

independence, self-reliance

様式ようしきyoushiki

style, form, pattern

伝達でんたつdentatsu

transmission (e.g., news, communication, delivery)

up to now, so far, traditional

内閣ないかくnaikaku

cabinet, (government)

～狂～きょう～kyou

maniac, fan, freak

干渉かんしょうkanshou

interference, intervention

to behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on

過ちあやまちayamachi

fault, error, indiscretion

to hang, to droop; to drip

了解りょうかいryoukai

comprehension, consent, understanding

塾じゅくjuku

after-school (cram) school

演じるえんじるenjiru

to perform, to play (a part), to act

領域りょういきryouiki

area, territory, region

頑固がんこganko

stubbornness, obstinacy

仰ぐあおぐaogu

to look up (to), to respect; to ask for

prejudice, narrow view

練るねるneru

to knead, to work over, to polish up

adaptation, accommodation, conformity

恋するこいするkoisuru

to fall in love with, to love

帯びるおびるobiru

to bear, to carry, to be entrusted

乱れるみだれるmidareru

to get confused, to be disordered, to be disturbed

余程よほどyohodo

very, much, to a large extent, quite

使命しめいshimei

mission, errand, message

差し掛かるさしかかるsashikakaru

to come near to, to approach

身なりみなりminari

personal appearance

半端はんぱhanpa

fragment, fraction, incompleteness

相対そうたいsoutai

relative

打撃だげきdageki

blow, damage; batting (baseball)

良心りょうしんryoushin

conscience

実践じっせんjissen

practice, put into practice

to set, to lay, to place

手順てじゅんtejun

process, procedure, protocol

領土りょうどryoudo

territory, possession

assertion, declaration, affirmation

前提ぜんていzentei

preamble, premise, prerequisite

斜面しゃめんshamen

slope, slanting surface, bevel

人柄ひとがらhitogara

personality, character

乳ちちchichi

milk, breast, loop

合意ごういgoui

agreement, consent, mutual understanding

conversation, interview

cancellation, release, cancel

調和ちょうわchouwa

harmony

捜索そうさくsousaku

search (esp. for someone or something missing, investigation)

妥協だきょうdakyou

compromise, giving in

導入どうにゅうdounyuu

introduction, bringing in, leading in

限定げんていgentei

limit, restriction

連邦れんぽうrenpou

commonwealth, federation of states

天下てんかtenka

the world, whole country

悲惨ひさんhisan

tragedy, disaster; misery, wretched, pitiful

bravery, heroism, gallantry

行政ぎょうせいgyousei

administration

著しいいちじるしいichijirushii

remarkable, considerable

業績ぎょうせきgyouseki

achievement, work, contribution

芸げいgei

art, accomplishment, performance

占領せんりょうsenryou

occupation, possession, have a room to oneself

教訓きょうくんkyoukun

lesson, precept, moral instruction

憂鬱ゆううつyuuutsu

depression, melancholy

中毒ちゅうどくchuudoku

poisoning

記述きじゅつkijutsu

describing, descriptor

cheerful, buoyant, lighthearted

惜しむおしむoshimu

to be frugal, to value, to regret

教科きょうかkyouka

subject, curriculum

弱るよわるyowaru

to weaken, to be troubled, to be emaciated

特権とっけんtokken

privilege, special right

ちびchibi

small child; pipsqueak; small fry; small, cute versions of manga, anime, etc. characters, typically with oversized heads

麻あさasa

hemp

滑らかなめらかnameraka

smoothness, glassiness

調理ちょうりchouri

cooking

意気込むいきごむikigomu

to be enthusiastic about

opposition, antagonism

consideration, concern, forethought

さきにさきに (いぜん)sakini (izen)

before, earlier than, previously

対面たいめんtaimen

interview, meeting

経費けいひkeihi

expenses, cost, outlay

aggression, invasion, raid

孤児院こじいんkojiin

orphanage

誇るほこるhokoru

to boast of, to be proud of

関与かんよkan'yo

participation, taking part in

阻止そしsoshi

obstruction, check, hindrance

突破とっぱtoppa

breaking through, breakthrough, penetration

法案ほうあんhouan

bill (law)

差し支えるさしつかえるsashitsukaeru

to interfere, to hinder

華やかはなやかhanayaka

brilliant, gorgeous, florid

染まるそまるsomaru

to be dyed

操るあやつるayatsuru

to manipulate, to operate, to pull strings

へhe

to; towards; for

励むはげむhagemu

to be zealous, to make an effort

personal history, career

弓ゆみyumi

bow

他方たほうtahou

another side, on the other hand

野心やしんyashin

ambition, aspiration

一挙にいっきょにikkyoni

at a stroke, with a single swoop

紛争ふんそうfunsou

dispute, trouble, strife

猛烈もうれつmouretsu

violent, vehement, rage

挑むいどむidomu

to challenge

見習うみならうminarau

to follow another's example

名簿めいぼmeibo

無邪気むじゃきmujaki

innocence, simple-mindedness

原型げんけいgenkei

prototype, model, archetypal

dangle heavily, sway to and fro, stroll idly

to read out loud (and clearly), to call a roll

神聖しんせいshinsei

holiness, sacredness, dignity

探検たんけんtanken

exploration, expedition

handicraft, maneuvering

直感ちょっかんchokkan

intuition, instinct

相場そうばsouba

market price, speculation, estimation

年頃としごろtoshigoro

age, marriageable age, adolescence

記すしるすshirusu

to note, to write down

意欲いよくiyoku

will, desire, ambition

抑制よくせいyokusei

control, restraint, suppression

進展しんてんshinten

progress, development

品質ひんしつhinshitsu

quality

上位じょういjoui

superior, higher order

総合そうごうsougou

synthesis, generalization

insult, contempt, slight

農場のうじょうnoujou

farm

移住いじゅうijuu

migration, immigration

人質ひとじちhitojichi

hostage

各種かくしゅkakushu

every kind, all sorts

脈みゃくmyaku

pulse

牧師ぼくしbokushi

pastor, minister, clergyman

繁栄はんえいhan'ei

prospering, prosperity, flourishing

疑惑ぎわくgiwaku

doubt, misgivings, suspicion

intention, idea, inclination

rebellion, revolt, uprising

審査しんさshinsa

judging, inspection, examination

担うになうninau

to carry on shoulder, to bear (burden), to shoulder (gun)

果てはてhate

the end, the extremity, the limit(s)

滅ぼすほろぼすhorobosu

to destroy, to overthrow, to ruin

良しよしyoshi

all right!

敗北はいぼくhaiboku

defeat (as a verb it means 'to be defeated')

clothes, clothing, garments

judgment, decision, award, verdict

pardon, forgiveness, forbearance

一目いちもくichimoku

a glance, a look, a glimpse

征服せいふくseifuku

conquest, subjugation, overcoming

福祉ふくしfukushi

welfare, well-being

召すめすmesu

to call, to send for, to put on

率いるひきいるhikiiru

to lead, to spearhead (a group), to command (troops)

まさしくmasashiku

surely, no doubt, evidently

合併がっぺいgappei

combination, amalgamation, merger

to control, to command

色彩しきさいshikisai

color

ひいてはhiiteha

not only…but also, in addition to, consequently

to stop, to abort, to discontinue, to close

仕立てるしたてるshitateru

to tailor, to make, to prepare

簡潔かんけつkanketsu

brevity, concise, simple

補給ほきゅうhokyuu

supply, supplying, replenishment

親しむしたしむshitashimu

to be intimate with, to befriend

逃亡とうぼうtoubou

escape

規定きていkitei

regulation, provisions

募るつのるtsunoru

to invite, to solicit help, participation, etc

促進そくしんsokushin

promotion, acceleration, encouragement

点検てんけんtenken

inspection, examination, checking

携わるたずさわるtazusawaru

to engage, to involve

和らげるやわらげるyawarageru

to soften, to moderate, to relieve

途上とじょうtojou

en/in route, half way

冴えるさえるsaeru

to be clear, to be bright, to be skillful

呼び止めるよびとめるyobitomeru

to flag down

ひょっとhyotto

possibly, accidentally

to be worth, to deserve

交互こうごkougo

mutual, reciprocal, alternate

主題しゅだいshudai

subject, theme, motif

埋め込むうめこむumekomu

to embed, implant

対話たいわtaiwa

conversation, dialogue

折おりori

chance, occasion

取り寄せるとりよせるtoriyoseru

to order, to send away for

無効むこうmukou

invalid, no effect, unavailable

装飾そうしょくsoushoku

ornament

模型もけいmokei

model, dummy, marquette

済ますすますsumasu

to finish; to settle; to do without

arrangement, pact, agreement

真珠しんじゅshinju

pearl

庶民しょみんshomin

masses, common people

群集ぐんしゅうgunshuu

(social) group, crowd, mob

乱すみだすmidasu

to throw out of order, to disarrange, to disturb

山脈さんみゃくsanmyaku

mountain range

授けるさずけるsazukeru

to grant, to award, to teach

trouble, labor, handling

ちゃうchau

to do completely

ちゃうchau

no; that's wrong; it's not like that

孤立こりつkoritsu

isolation, helplessness

integration, unification, synthesis

怯えるおびえるobieru

to become frightened

描写びょうしゃbyousha

depiction, description, portrayal

弾むはずむhazumu

to bounce, to be encouraged, to splurge on

潜むひそむhisomu

to lurk; to be hidden; to be concealed; to lie dormant

disposal, abandon, discarding

放出ほうしゅつhoushutsu

release, emit

匹敵ひってきhitteki

comparing with, rival, equal

尊いとうといtoutoi

precious, valuable, noble

墓地ぼちbochi

cemetery, graveyard

主任しゅにんshunin

person in charge, responsible official

寝かせるねかせるnekaseru

to put to bed, to lay down, to ferment

サボるsaboru

to cut (skip) classes; to loaf on the job; to idle away one's time

究極きゅうきょくkyuukyoku

ultimate, final, eventual

未知みちmichi

not yet known

遮るさえぎるsaegiru

to interrupt, to intercept, to obstruct

無用むようmuyou

useless, needlessness, unnecessariness

見落とすみおとすmiotosu

to overlook, to fail to notice

反射はんしゃhansha

reflection, reverberation

育ちそだちsodachi

breeding, growth

丸めるまるめるmarumeru

to make round, to round off, to roll up

不況ふきょうfukyou

recession, depression, slump

paralysis, palsy, numbness

たってtatte

even if; even though

繊維せんいsen'i

fiber, fiber, textile

新入生しんにゅうせいshinnyuusei

new student, first-year student, freshman

墜落ついらくtsuiraku

falling, crashing

一筋ひとすじhitosuji

a line, earnestly, blindly, straightforwardly

凄まじいすさまじいsusamajii

terrible; dreadful; awful; horrible

戦術せんじゅつsenjutsu

tactics

内蔵ないぞうnaizou

internal organ; built-in

社交しゃこうshakou

social life

好ましいこのましいkonomashii

nice, likable, desirable

恐れ入るおそれいるosoreiru

to be filled with awe, to feel small

株式かぶしきkabushiki

stock

調達ちょうたつchoutatsu

supply; provision; raising; procurement

若干じゃっかんjakkan

some, few, number of

上陸じょうりくjouriku

landing, disembarkation

新婚しんこんshinkon

newly-wed

家畜かちくkachiku

domestic animals, livestock, cattle

product, result, fruit

酸さんsan

acid

有益ゆうえきyuueki

beneficial, profitable

動向どうこうdoukou

trend, tendency, movement, attitude

交わるまじわるmajiwaru

to cross, to intersect, to mingle with,

いじるijiru

to touch, to tamper with

主催しゅさいshusai

organization, sponsorship, to host

微かかすかkasuka

faint, dim, weak

加入かにゅうkanyuu

becoming a member, admission

利点りてんriten

advantage, point in favor

分裂ぶんれつbunretsu

split, division, break up

reason, cause, circumstances

荷にni

load, baggage, cargo

いっそisso

rather, sooner, might as well

対等たいとうtaitou

equivalent

見計らうみはからうmihakarau

to choose at one's own discretion

貨幣かへいkahei

money, currency, coinage

変動へんどうhendou

change, fluctuation

密接みっせつmissetsu

connected, close, intimate

the truth, as it is, frankly

to be ruined, to perish, to be destroyed

預金よきんyokin

deposit, bank account

慣習かんしゅうkanshuu

usual (historical) custom

chief, (government) secretary

世帯せたいsetai

household

境遇きょうぐうkyouguu

environment, circumstances

分子ぶんしbunshi

numerator, molecule

強いるしいるshiiru

to force, to compel, to coerce

reproduction, return, revival

徐々じょじょjojo

gradually

嘗めるなめるnameru

to lick; to experience; to make fun of

熱意ねついnetsui

zeal, enthusiasm

淡いあわいawai

light; faint; pale; fleeting

人目ひとめhitome

glimpse, public gaze

つぶるつぶる (めを～)tsuburu (mewo～)

to close the eyes

統治とうちtouchi

rule, reign, governing

蜂蜜はちみつhachimitsu

honey

休めるやすめるyasumeru

to rest, to suspend, to give relief

良好りょうこうryoukou

favorable, satisfactory

固有こゆうkoyuu

characteristic, tradition, peculiar

緩めるゆるめるyurumeru

to loosen, to slow down

republicanism, cooperation

暴露ばくろbakuro

disclosure, exposure, revelation

逆転ぎゃくてんgyakuten

(sudden) change, reversal, turn-around

幹部かんぶkanbu

management, executive

未熟みじゅくmijuku

inexperience, unskilled, immature

仕掛けるしかけるshikakeru

to lay, to set, to wage

体格たいかくtaikaku

physique, constitution

売り出すうりだすuridasu

to put on sale, to market

補助ほじょhojo

assistance, support, auxiliary

military or naval uniform

絡むからむkaramu

to entangle, to entwine

manners, customs; sex industry

character, trait, temperament

腫れるはれるhareru

to swell (from inflammation, to become swollen)

生身なまみnamami

living flesh, flesh and blood, the quick

心細いこころぼそいkokorobosoi

helpless, hopeless, discouraging

破裂はれつharetsu

explosion, rupture, break off

弁べんben

speech; tongue; talk; eloquence

推進すいしんsuishin

propulsion, driving force

転落てんらくtenraku

fall, degradation

暴動ぼうどうboudou

insurrection, riot, uprising

landform, geographical features, topography

news, letter, circumstances

遠方えんぽうenpou

long way, distant place

行進こうしんkoushin

march, parade

本格ほんかくhonkaku

propriety, full-scale

household economy, family finances

騒動そうどうsoudou

strife, riot, rebellion

老いるおいるoiru

to age, to grow old

断然だんぜんdanzen

firmly, absolutely, definitely

ややこしいyayakoshii

puzzling, tangled, complicated, complex

appearance (e.g., article in paper)

葱ねぎnegi

Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum); Japanese bunching onion; green onion; spring onion

樹木じゅもくjumoku

trees and shrubs, arbor

目付きめつきmetsuki

look, expression of the eyes, eyes

投入とうにゅうtounyuu

throw, investment, making (an electrical circuit)

judgement; judgment; expert opinion; appraisal

凌ぐしのぐshinogu

to outdo, to surpass; to endure

襲撃しゅうげきshuugeki

attack, charge, raid

家出いえでiede

running away from home

元帥げんすいgensui

general of the army

感慨深いかんがいぶかいkangaibukai

arrangement, array (programming)

bending, indentation, refraction

結合けつごうketsugou

combination, union

志こころざしkokorozashi

will, intention, motive

a breath, a pause, an effort

suddenly, all of a sudden

襟えりeri

neck, collar

病むやむyamu

to fall ill, to be ill

緩和かんわkanwa

relief, mitigation

戦車せんしゃsensha

tank (military vehicle)

sense of touch, feeling, sensation

津波つなみtsunami

tsunami, tidal wave

結び付けるむすびつけるmusubitsukeru

to combine, to join, to tie on, to attach with a knot

細工さいくsaiku

work, craftsmanship, trick

無縁むえんmuen

実在じつざいjitsuzai

actual existence; real existence; existing in real life

ゆとりyutori

reserve, affluence, time (to spare)

理念りねんrinen

(Platonic) ideal (of how things ought to be, e.g. human rights); foundational principle; idea; conception (e.g. of the university)

走行そうこうsoukou

running a wheeled vehicle (e.g., car, traveling)

結晶けっしょうkesshou

crystal, crystallization

考察こうさつkousatsu

consideration; inquiry; enquiry; investigation

to be at peace, to calm down

単調たんちょうtanchou

monotony, monotone, dullness

神殿しんでんshinden

temple, sacred place

武力ぶりょくburyoku

armed might, military power, the sword, force

風習ふうしゅうfuushuu

custom

予めあらかじめarakajime

in advance, previously

技能ぎのうginou

technical skill, ability, capacity

当選とうせんtousen

being elected, winning the prize

仮面かめんkamen

mask

給食きゅうしょくkyuushoku

school lunch, providing a meal

流通りゅうつうryuutsuu

circulation of money or goods, distribution

錬金術れんきんじゅつrenkinjutsu

alchemy

ほとりhotori

vicinity of lake; river

不審ふしんfushin

suspicious, doubt, infidelity

免除めんじょmenjo

exemption, exoneration, discharge

履歴りれきrireki

personal history, background, log

内心ないしんnaishin

innermost thoughts, real intention, inmost heart

控え室ひかえしつhikaeshitsu

waiting room

収益しゅうえきshuueki

earnings, proceeds, returns

変革へんかくhenkaku

change, reform(the) Reformation

ぼやくboyaku

to grumble, to complain

取材しゅざいshuzai

coverage, collecting data

震わせるふるわせるfuruwaseru

to be shaking, to be trembling

脱するだっするdassuru

to escape from, to get out

無口むくちmukuchi

reticence

初日しょにちshonichi

first day; opening day

腐敗ふはいfuhai

decay, depravity

浸すひたすhitasu

to soak, to dip, to drench

blunt, outspoken; conspicuous; broad, suggestive

ふんだんfundan

plentiful, abundant, lavish

容赦ようしゃyousha

pardon; forgiveness; tolerance; overlooking

守備しゅびshubi

defense

妨害ぼうがいbougai

disturbance, obstruction, interference

manufacturing, processing, treatment

主体しゅたいshutai

subject, main constituent

君主くんしゅkunshu

ruler, monarch

身内みうちmiuchi

relatives; one's family

態勢たいせいtaisei

attitude, conditions, tendency

脚本きゃくほんkyakuhon

scenario

憧れあこがれakogare

yearning, longing, aspiration

breeding, raising, rearing

歪むゆがむyugamu

to warp, to be crooked, to be distorted

active duty; active service

雛ひなhina

young bird, chick, doll

不景気ふけいきfukeiki

business recession, hard times, depression

役職やくしょくyakushoku

post, managerial position, official position

若手わかてwakate

young person

裾すそsuso

(trouser) cuff, (skirt) hem, cut edge of a hairdo

逃走とうそうtousou

flight, desertion, escape

盛大せいだいseidai

grand, prosperous, magnificent

to flourish, to prosper, to thrive

合唱がっしょうgasshou

chorus, singing in a chorus

弁解べんかいbenkai

explanation, justification, excuse

bacillus, bacterium, germ

雄おすosu

male (animal)

善良ぜんりょうzenryou

goodness, excellence, virtue

治安ちあんchian

public order, security

夕暮れゆうぐれyuugure

evening, (evening) twilight

不吉ふきつfukitsu

ominous, sinister, bad luck, ill omen

紛れるまぎれるmagireru

to be diverted, to slip into

任すまかすmakasu

to entrust, to leave to a person

受かるうかるukaru

to pass (examination)

ばりばりbaribari

vigorously (ripping, tearing, scratching, etc.); roughly; with a rip

給うたまうtamau

to receive, to grant

申し入れるもうしいれるmoushiireru

to propose, to suggest

さほどsahodo

not so, not that much

to stir up, to churn, to disturb

寒気さむけsamuke

chill, shiver, cold

護衛ごえいgoei

guard, convoy, escort

庇うかばうkabau

to protect someone, to  cover up for someone

repelling, rebound, oppose

鉛なまりnamari

lead (the metal)

修復しゅうふくshuufuku

restoration; repair; mending

密度みつどmitsudo

density

演ずるえんずるenzuru

to perform, to play (a part), to act

初代しょだいshodai

first generation; founder

取り締まるとりしまるtorishimaru

to crack down, to control, to supervise

負債ふさいfusai

debt, liabilities

混同こんどうkondou

confusion, mixing, merger

とろけるtorokeru

melt; to be enchanted with

to have one's own way

再建さいけんsaiken

(temple or shrine) rebuilding

満月まんげつmangetsu

full moon

取り立てるとりたてるtoritateru

to collect, to extort

救援きゅうえんkyuuen

relief, rescue, reinforcement

the one concerned, the said person

案の定あんのじょうannojou

sure enough, as usual

紛失ふんしつfunshitsu

losing something

発信はっしんhasshin

dispatch; despatch; transmission; submission

及びおよびoyobi

and, as well as

たくましいtakumashii

burly, strong, sturdy

保有ほゆうhoyuu

possession; retention; maintenance; holding

duration, continuance

蹴飛ばすけとばすketobasu

to kick away, to kick (someone)

to tie up in a bundle, to control

手当てあてteate

allowance, compensation; treatment

unity, union, solidarity

同感どうかんdoukan

agreement, same opinion, same feeling

聡明そうめいsoumei

wise

くるくるkurukuru

whirling; revolving; spinning; going round and round

to grow senile, to fade

保守ほしゅhoshu

conservative, maintaining

叶えるかなえるkanaeru

to grant (request, wish)

長々ながながnaganaga

long, drawn-out, very long

冒頭ぼうとうboutou

beginning, start, outset

創立そうりつsouritsu

establishment, founding

よってよって (よりどころ)yotte (yoridokoro)

therefore, consequently

対決たいけつtaiketsu

confrontation, showdown

pressure, coercion, oppression

仕切るしきるshikiru

to partition, to divide, to mark off

検事けんじkenji

public prosecutor

痛感つうかんtsuukan

feeling keenly, fully realizing

店長てんちょうtenchou

shop manager

交えるまじえるmajieru

to mix, to converse with, to cross (swords)

ingenious, skillful, clever

寄り掛かるよりかかるyorikakaru

to lean against, to recline on, to lean on, to rely on

small; fine; detailed; stingy

群がるむらがるmuragaru

to swarm, to gather

鮮明せんめいsenmei

vivid; clear; distinct

たやすいtayasui

easy, simple, light

化石かせきkaseki

fossil, petrifaction, fossilization

余暇よかyoka

leisure, leisure time, spare time

well-known, noted, celebrated

構想こうそうkousou

plan, plot, idea, conception

阻むはばむhabamu

to keep someone from doing, to stop, to oppose

出費しゅっぴshuppi

expenses, disbursements

出力しゅつりょくshutsuryoku

output (electrical, signal, etc.)

自在じざいjizai

freely, at will

部署ぶしょbusho

one's post; one's station; department; bureau

備わるそなわるsonawaru

to be furnished with

手遅れておくれteokure

being (too); belated treatment

無秩序むちつじょmuchitsujo

disorder

台無しだいなしdainashi

mess, spoiled, (come to) nothing

語彙ごいgoi

vocabulary, glossary

修行しゅぎょうshugyou

pursuit of knowledge, training, ascetic practice

一概にいちがいにichigaini

unconditionally, necessarily

西部せいぶseibu

western part; the west (of a region)

結成けっせいkessei

formation

敢えてあえてaete

dare (to do), venture (to do), challenge (to do)

corresponding, answering to, coming under

administration of justice

鉱山こうざんkouzan

mine

縮まるちぢまるchijimaru

to be shortened, to be contracted, to shrink

麦むぎmugi

wheat; barley; oat (oats)

心地ここちkokochi

feeling, sensation, mood

名目めいもくmeimoku

name; title; appellation; (something) nominal

統制とうせいtousei

regulation, control

魔術まじゅつmajutsu

magic; sorcery; witchcraft

蓄積ちくせきchikuseki

accumulation, accumulate, store

包囲ほういhoui

siege; encirclement; envelopment; surrounding

顧みるかえりみるkaerimiru

to look back, to turn around, to review

いやにiyani

awfully, terribly

蛍ほたるhotaru

firefly (Luciola cruciata); lightning bug; glowworm

apportionment, sharing

異論いろんiron

different opinion, objection

外観がいかんgaikan

appearance, exterior, facade

手ごわいてごわいtegowai

difficult; tough; formidable; redoubtable

recently, the other day

面目めんぼくmenboku

face, honor, reputation

repetition; repeat; reiteration; iteration

agglutination; adhesion; fusion; combination

ともあれtomoare

anyhow; in any case

膨張ぼうちょうbouchou

expansion, swelling, increase

生々しいなまなましいnamanamashii

vivid (memory, description, etc.); fresh; graphic; raw

制定せいていseitei

enactment, establishment, creation

to one's heart's content; as much as one likes; without reserve; freely

目前もくぜんmokuzen

before one's very eyes; under one's nose; imminence; close at hand

もろにmoroni

completely, altogether, bodily

辞職じしょくjishoku

resignation

こつこつ (をつかむ)kotsu (wotsukamu)

secret, trick, hang

壮大そうだいsoudai

magnificent, grand, majestic

届とどけtodoke

report, notification, registration

巡回じゅんかいjunkai

going around; patrol; round; tour

在住ざいじゅうzaijuu

residing; living; dwelling

to run counter to, to go against

制裁せいさいseisai

restraint, sanctions, punishment

抑圧よくあつyokuatsu

restraint, oppression, suppression

野外やがいyagai

fields, outskirts, open air, suburbs

前線ぜんせんzensen

(weather) front

罵るののしるnonoshiru

to speak ill of, to abuse

指図さしずsashizu

instruction, mandate

滑稽こっけいkokkei

funny, humorous, comical

塗装とそうtosou

coating; painting

前途ぜんとzento

future prospects, outlook, the journey ahead

おっぱいoppai

boobs; boobies; breasts; tits

隣接りんせつrinsetsu

adjacency; contiguity; being adjoined

実業家じつぎょうかjitsugyouka

industrialist, businessman

同調どうちょうdouchou

sympathy, agree with, alignment

楽観らっかんrakkan

optimism

しなやかshinayaka

supple, flexible, elastic

万全ばんぜんbanzen

perfection; flawlessness

堤防ていぼうteibou

bank, weir

新築しんちくshinchiku

new building, new construction

転勤てんきんtenkin

transfer (to another office of a company)

繁殖はんしょくhanshoku

breed, multiply, propagation

detection; sense (e.g. sensor)

終始しゅうしshuushi

from beginning to end; consistent(ly)

化け物ばけものbakemono

goblin; apparition; monster; ghost

識別しきべつshikibetsu

distinction; discrimination; discernment; identification

くぐるkuguru

to pass through; to go around

please, kindly, by all means

the preceding year; the previous year; last year

くっきりkukkiri

distinctly, clearly, boldly

topic of discussion, agenda

回線かいせんkaisen

circuit; line

破棄はきhaki

revocation, annulment, breaking (e.g., treaty)

(military) expedition; campaign

傷付けるきずつけるkizutsukeru

to wound, to hurt someone's feelings

徹するてっするtessuru

to devote oneself, to believe in

持続じぞくjizoku

continuation, endurance

猶予ゆうよyuuyo

extension

腕前うでまえudemae

ability, skill, facility

attack, to become sick

代々だいだいdaidai

for generations; from generation to generation; generation after generation; through the ages

比率ひりつhiritsu

ratio, proportion, percentage

中立ちゅうりつchuuritsu

neutrality

育成いくせいikusei

rearing, training, cultivation

馴染むなじむnajimu

to become familiar with; to get used to; to become accustomed to; to adapt oneself to

labor, effort, trouble

味覚みかくmikaku

taste, palate, sense of taste

懲りるこりるkoriru

to learn by experience, to be disgusted with

一気いっきikki

at one push, in one gulp

内外ないがいnaigai

inside and outside; interior and exterior

鈍るにぶるniburu

to become less capable, to grow dull, to become blunt, to weaken

平安へいあんheian

peace; tranquility; tranquillity

北朝鮮きたちょうせんkitachousen

North Korea

顕著けんちょkencho

remarkable; striking; obvious

独裁どくさいdokusai

dictatorship, despotism

長身ちょうしんchoushin

tall figure; high stature

ぐったりguttari

limply; wearily; listlessly; languidly

憤慨ふんがいfungai

indignation, resentment

dissatisfaction, discontent, disapproval

滅亡めつぼうmetsubou

downfall, collapse, destruction

maximum; extreme; utmost

爆破ばくはbakuha

blast, explosion, blow up

簡素かんそkanso

simplicity, plain

優勢ゆうせいyuusei

superiority, superior power, predominance

決議けつぎketsugi

resolution, vote, decision

下地したじshitaji

groundwork, foundation

分離ぶんりbunri

separation, detachment, segregation

原文げんぶんgenbun

the text, original

行き来ゆききyukiki

coming and going; keeping in touch; visiting each other

もてなすmotenasu

to entertain, to make welcome

text (of document), body (of letter)

保安ほあんhoan

peace preservation; security

疾風しっぷうshippuu

gale

ずるずるzuruzuru

dragging on, sound of sniffling

to meet; to assemble; to congregate

好評こうひょうkouhyou

popularity, favorable reputation

音色ねいろneiro

tone color, timbre

両立りょうりつryouritsu

compatibility, coexistence, standing together

貫通かんつうkantsuu

pierce

船員せんいんsen'in

sailor; seaman; seafarer

換算かんさんkansan

conversion, change, exchange

戸籍こせきkoseki

census, family register

ぶら下がるぶらさがるburasagaru

to hang down (from); to dangle; to swing; to be suspended

all-purpose, almighty, omnipotent

華々しいはなばなしいhanabanashii

brilliant, magnificent, spectacular

同等どうとうdoutou

equality, equal, same rank

志すこころざすkokorozasu

to plan, to intend, to aspire to

enforcement, operation

達人たつじんtatsujin

master; expert

悲観ひかんhikan

pessimism, disappointment

展望てんぼうtenbou

view, outlook, prospect

sticking to; clinging to; adhesion; cohesion

偽るいつわるitsuwaru

to lie; to pretend; to feign; to falsify

にこやかnikoyaka

smiling; beaming; radiant; bright

落下らっかrakka

fall, drop, come down

現行げんこうgenkou

present, current, in operation

rough; wild; rude; harsh

造りつくりtsukuri

make up, structure, physique

茎くきkuki

stalk

刃物はものhamono

edged tool; cutting instrument; knife

診療しんりょうshinryou

medical examination and treatment

小石こいしkoishi

pebble; small stone

地表ちひょうchihyou

surface of the earth; ground surface

国産こくさんkokusan

domestic products

身の上みのうえminoue

one's future, one's welfare, one's personal history

早めるはやめるhayameru

to hasten, to quicken, to accelerate

隔離かくりkakuri

isolation; segregation; separation; quarantine

根気こんきkonki

patience; perseverance, energy

了承りょうしょうryoushou

acknowledgment, understanding

漁船ぎょせんgyosen

fishing boat

復旧ふっきゅうfukkyuu

restoration, restitution, rehabilitation

終結しゅうけつshuuketsu

end; close

近辺きんぺんkinpen

neighbourhood; neighborhood; vicinity

質素しっそshisso

simplicity, modesty, frugality

激突げきとつgekitotsu

crash; smashing (into); ramming; (violent) collision

見覚えみおぼえmioboe

memory (of having seen something or someone before); remembrance; recollection; recognition

移行いこうikou

switching over to

澄ますすますsumasu

to clear, to make clear, to listen for

和むなごむnagomu

to be softened; to calm down

格差かくさkakusa

difference, disparity

寛容かんようkan'you

forbearance, tolerance, generosity, involvement

聳えるそびえるsobieru

to rise, to tower, to soar

旅客りょかくryokaku

passenger

とかくtokaku

anyhow, anyway, in any case

白衣はくいhakui

white clothes; white robe

unsteady on one's feet, totter, dizzy

bond; bill; certificate; security

雑貨ざっかzakka

miscellaneous goods, general goods

crowd, close formation, dense

示唆しさshisa

suggestion

埋もれるうもれるumoreru

to be buried; to be covered; to be hidden

待ち望むまちのぞむmachinozomu

to look anxiously for, to wait eagerly for

生臭いなまぐさいnamagusai

smelling of fish or blood, fish or meat

花粉かふんkafun

pollen

てっきりtekkiri

surely, certainly, beyond doubt

給仕きゅうじkyuuji

waiter

土台どだいdodai

foundation, base, basis

period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac)

反響はんきょうhankyou

echo, reverberation, repercussion

合わすあわすawasu

to join together, to face, to unite

revolution; rotation; turning; circling

生計せいけいseikei

livelihood, living

生まれつきうまれつきumaretsuki

by nature, by birth, native

plan, idea, suggestion

沼ぬまnuma

swamp, bog, pond

復興ふっこうfukkou

revival, renaissance, reconstruction

強硬きょうこうkyoukou

firm, vigorous, stubborn

sweet (e.g. young girls, flowers blooming); touchingly lovely; cute

精密せいみつseimitsu

precise, exact, detailed, minute

取り組みとりくみtorikumi

effort; initiative; dealing with; grappling with

着飾るきかざるkikazaru

to dress up

追及ついきゅうtsuikyuu

investigation, inquiry

尊厳そんげんsongen

dignity; majesty; sanctity

かりにkarini

temporarily; if, for argument's sake

合成ごうせいgousei

synthetic, mixed

監禁かんきんkankin

confinement; imprisonment; incarceration

賠償ばいしょうbaishou

reparations, indemnity, compensation

天体てんたいtentai

heavenly body

機材きざいkizai

machinery and materials; equipment

to turn up, to fold back

役場やくばyakuba

town hall

許しゆるしyurushi

pardon; forgiveness; exemption; permission

not enough, too quick (short, long, etc.)

提携ていけいteikei

cooperation, tie-up, joint business

one mind, with rapt attention

宿命しゅくめいshukumei

fate, destiny, predestination

年長ねんちょうnenchou

seniority

閣下かっかkakka

your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency

突っ張るつっぱるtsupparu

to support, to become stiff; to thrust (ones opponent), to stick to (ones opinion), to insist on

聴覚ちょうかくchoukaku

the sense of hearing

古来こらいkorai

from ancient times; from old times; from time immemorial

素朴そぼくsoboku

simplicity, artlessness, naivety

与党よとうyotou

government party, (ruling) party in power, government

satisfactory, in good shape

approval; endorsement

かかとkakato

shoe heel

簡易かんいkan'i

simplicity, easiness, quasi-

直轄ちょっかつchokkatsu

direct control

甚だはなはだhanahada

very, greatly, exceedingly

香辛料こうしんりょうkoushinryou

terrible, awful, serious, absolutely not

吟味ぎんみginmi

examination, careful investigation

～界～かい～kai

world, circle, kingdom

傍らかたわらkatawara

beside(s, while, nearby

雑談ざつだんzatsudan

chatting, idle talk

袴はかまhakama

hakama; pleated skirt or loose-legged trousers worn over a kimono mainly on ceremonial occasions

決め手きめてkimete

decider; person who decides

all people, everybody, 10000 people

母国ぼこくbokoku

one's home country (same as 自分の国 (じぶんのくに))

同棲どうせいdousei

cohabitation (esp. of an unmarried couple); living together

spine; backbone; spinal column

市販しはんshihan

putting on the market; putting on sale; making commercially available

気遣いきづかいkizukai

consideration; concern; fear; worry

制約せいやくseiyaku

limitation, constraints

agreement, rules, code

健在けんざいkenzai

in good health, well

期日きじつkijitsu

fixed date, settlement date

thoughtless, careless, hasty

昇格しょうかくshoukaku

promotion; raising of status

方策ほうさくhousaku

plan, policy

手筈てはずtehazu

arrangement, plan, program

formal marriage interview

露呈ろていrotei

exposure

丹念たんねんtannen

painstaking; careful; meticulous; scrupulous

凶器きょうきkyouki

dangerous weapon; lethal weapon; deadly weapon; murder weapon

custom, precedent, of convention

間際まぎわmagiwa

the point just before ...; the point of (doing); the verge (of); the eve (of)

蕾つぼみtsubomi

bud, flower bud

剥ぐはぐhagu

to tear off, to peel off, to rip off

末期まっきmakki

deathbed, hour of death

大概たいがいtaigai

in general, mainly

奨励しょうれいshourei

encouragement, promotion

無断むだんmudan

without permission, without notice

肩書きかたがきkatagaki

title (e.g. Doctor, Professor, Lord); job title; position (in a company); degree

続行ぞっこうzokkou

continuation; continuance; going on; resuming

雀すずめsuzume

tree sparrow (Passer montanus)

合宿がっしゅくgasshuku

lodging together; training camp; boarding house

備え付けるそなえつけるsonaetsukeru

to provide, to equip, to install

攻めせめseme

attack, offense

繁盛はんじょうhanjou

prosperity, flourishing, thriving

山岳さんがくsangaku

mountains

定まるさだまるsadamaru

to become settled, to be fixed

複合ふくごうfukugou

composite, complex

大まかおおまかoomaka

rough (estimate, outline, etc.); broad; general; loose

短縮たんしゅくtanshuku

shortening, abbreviation, reduction

刑罰けいばつkeibatsu

judgment, penalty, punishment

使い道つかいみちtsukaimichi

use

有望ゆうぼうyuubou

good prospects, full of hope, promising

粉末ふんまつfunmatsu

fine powder

十字架じゅうじかjuujika

cross (for crucifixion); the Cross (of Christ)

亀裂きれつkiretsu

crack; crevice; fissure; chap

経路けいろkeiro

course, route, channel

antipathy, revolt, animosity

立て続けたてつづけtatetsuzuke

succession; continuation; series; sequence

夜景やけいyakei

night view; night skyline; nightscape

沈没ちんぼつchinbotsu

sinking, foundering

信任しんにんshinnin

trust, confidence, credence

無能むのうmunou

inefficiency, incompetence

閣僚かくりょうkakuryou

cabinet ministers

ばかりbakari

only; merely; nothing but; no more than

minuscule amount, extremely small quantity

世辞せじseji

flattery, compliment

優美ゆうびyuubi

grace, refinement, elegance

種々しゅじゅshuju

variety

噴出ふんしゅつfunshutsu

spewing, gushing, spouting

同級どうきゅうdoukyuu

the same grade, same class

界隈かいわいkaiwai

neighborhood; neighbourhood; vicinity

補強ほきょうhokyou

reinforcement

起因きいんkiin

to be caused by; to result from; to arise from; to stem from

連盟れんめいrenmei

league, union, alliance

視察しさつshisatsu

inspection, observation

appearance; presence; attendance

待ち合わせまちあわせmachiawase

appointment

冷酷れいこくreikoku

cruelty, coldheartedness, ruthless

客観きゃっかんkyakkan

objective

禁物きんもつkinmotsu

taboo, forbidden thing

危害きがいkigai

injury, harm, danger

勧誘かんゆうkan'yuu

invitation, canvassing, inducement

前例ぜんれいzenrei

precedent

真顔まがおmagao

serious look (on one's face); straight face

特許とっきょtokkyo

special permission, patent

良質りょうしつryoushitsu

good quality, superior quality

真上まうえmaue

just above, right overhead

skillful, in good health

収支しゅうしshuushi

income and expenditure

集約しゅうやくshuuyaku

putting together (e.g. opinions); gathering; collecting; aggregating

奮闘ふんとうfuntou

hard struggle, strenuous effort

身震いみぶるいmiburui

shivering (with cold); trembling (with fear); shuddering

教材きょうざいkyouzai

teaching materials

卑しいいやしいiyashii

greedy, vulgar, shabby

入門にゅうもんnyuumon

becoming a pupil (of); becoming a disciple; entering an institution; beginning training

観衆かんしゅうkanshuu

spectators, audience

取り次ぐとりつぐtoritsugu

to act as an agent for, to announce (someone), to convey (a message)

田園でんえんden'en

country, rural districts

衰弱すいじゃくsuijaku

weakness; debility; breakdown; prostration

出荷しゅっかshukka

shipping; shipment; forwarding; sending (goods)

short course, training

静寂せいじゃくseijaku

silence

元よりもとよりmotoyori

from the beginning; from the first; all along; originally

国防こくぼうkokubou

national defense

同胞どうほうdouhou

brethren; brothers; fellow countrymen; fellowman

良識りょうしきryoushiki

good sense

寄与きよkiyo

contribution, service

外相がいしょうgaishou

Foreign Minister

ひたすらhitasura

nothing but, earnestly, intently

waste money on, squander money on

時刻表じこくひょうjikokuhyou

timetable, (train) schedule

授かるさずかるsazukaru

to be awarded (e.g. a prize); to be given an award; to receive (e.g. a title)

to be connected or related, to join together

上がりあがりagari

ascent; income; completion, stop

もがくmogaku

to struggle, to wriggle, to be impatient

演出えんしゅつenshutsu

production (erg. play, direction)

inspection, reference, browse

案件あんけんanken

matter (to discuss); item (on the agenda); issue; topic

decline; degeneration; decay; waning

賜るたまわるtamawaru

to grant, to bestow

さもsamo

with gusto, with satisfaction

身近みぢかmijika

near oneself, close to one, familiar

ちょくちょくchokuchoku

often, frequently, now and then, occasionally

たがるtagaru

to (seem) eager to; to want to; to be anxious to

鈍感どんかんdonkan

thickheadedness, stolidity

見栄みえmie

show; display; pretensions; appearances

式場しきじょうshikijou

ceremonial hall, place of ceremony (e.g., marriage)

侮るあなどるanadoru

to disdain; to look down on; to make light of; to hold in contempt

摘みつまみtsumami

knob; handle; button

封鎖ふうさfuusa

blockade, freezing (funds)

制圧せいあつseiatsu

gaining total control (of people or counties); suppression; oppression; control

convenience, accommodation

power, motive power, dynamic force

研ぐとぐtogu

to sharpen, to grind, to polish

等級とうきゅうtoukyuu

grade, class

またがるまたがる (うまを～)matagaru (umawo～)

shareholder; stockholder

よろめくyoromeku

to stagger; to stumble; to totter; to reel

種目しゅもくshumoku

item; event

うつむくutsumuku

to look downward, to stoop

雑ざつzatsu

rough, crude

多発たはつtahatsu

repeated occurrence; frequently occurring

両面りょうめんryoumen

both sides; two sides; double-sided

抜かすぬかすnukasu

to omit, to leave out

安価あんかanka

low-priced; cheap; inexpensive

同居どうきょdoukyo

living together

希薄きはくkihaku

thin (air); weak (liquid); dilute; sparse (population)

日向ひなたhinata

sunny place, in the sun

苔こけkoke

moss

補充ほじゅうhojuu

supplementation, replenishment, replenishing

whim, caprice, uneven temper

elasticity, flexibility

large build, large pattern

convening; calling together (e.g. parliament); call-up (for military service)

悪徳あくとくakutoku

vice; immorality; corruption

整然せいぜんseizen

orderly, regular, well-organized

関税かんぜいkanzei

customs, duty, tariff

主演しゅえんshuen

starring, playing the leading part

がっちりgatchiri

solidly built, tightly

あせるあせる (こえが～)aseru (koega～)

to fade, to discolor

なんかnanka

something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...

ことごとくkotogotoku

altogether, entirely

煩わしいわずらわしいwazurawashii

burdensome, troublesome, complicated

to pause, to be interrupted

偏りかたよりkatayori

bias

労ろうrou

labor; labour; toil; trouble

輝かしいかがやかしいkagayakashii

brilliant; glorious; glittering; bright

(end of the season or term)

発育はついくhatsuiku

(physical) growth, development

見せびらかすみせびらかすmisebirakasu

to show off, to flaunt

光沢こうたくkoutaku

luster, glossy finish (of photographs)

へりくだるherikudaru

to deprecate oneself and praise the listener

共感きょうかんkyoukan

sympathy, response

念願ねんがんnengan

one's heart's desire, earnest petition

楽屋がくやgakuya

dressing room; green room; backstage

誘導ゆうどうyuudou

guidance, leading, inducement

趣おもむきomomuki

flavor, appearance, quaint

翻弄ほんろうhonrou

having at one's mercy; trifling with; toying with; playing with

弔うとむらうtomurau

to mourn for

自制じせいjisei

self-control; self-restraint

邸内ていないteinai

grounds

呆然ぼうぜんbouzen

dumbfounded, overcome with surprise

名高いなだかいnadakai

famous, celebrated, well-known

moat; fosse; trench; ditch

運賃うんちんunchin

freight rates, shipping expenses, (passenger) fare

opening (a letter, parcel, etc.); breaking the seal

滲むにじむnijimu

to run, to blur, to spread

考古学こうこがくkoukogaku

archeology

窮屈きゅうくつkyuukutsu

narrow, tight, formal

茶道さどうsadou

tea ceremony; Way of Tea; sadō

食い違うくいちがうkuichigau

to cross each other, to differ

軍備ぐんびgunbi

armaments, military preparations

迫害はくがいhakugai

persecution

霞むかすむkasumu

to grow hazy, to be misty

大昔おおむかしoomukashi

ancient times; prehistoric times; the distant past; a very long time ago

しきたりshikitari

custom, conventional practice, tradition

the oldest; the earliest

味わいあじわいajiwai

flavor, relish

待ち遠しいまちどおしいmachidooshii

looking forward to

そりそり (～にのる)sori (～ninoru)

condition, situation, prospects

仕入れるしいれるshiireru

to lay in stock, to replenish stock, to procure

飢餓きがkiga

starvation; famine; hunger

心掛けるこころがけるkokorogakeru

to bear in mind, to aim to do

宮廷きゅうていkyuutei

imperial court

必然ひつぜんhitsuzen

inevitable, necessary

中枢ちゅうすうchuusuu

center, mainstay, nucleus

division, section, area

遷都せんとsento

move the capital

大粒おおつぶootsubu

large drop (of rain, sweat, tears, etc.); large grain-like object (e.g. grape, cherry)

特産とくさんtokusan

specialty, special product

後回しあとまわしatomawashi

putting off, postponing

inherent, congenital, hereditary

切実せつじつsetsujitsu

compelling, serious, severe, acute

産出さんしゅつsanshutsu

yield, produce

特技とくぎtokugi

special talent; skill

骨髄こつずいkotsuzui

bone marrow

用具ようぐyougu

tool; implement; instrument; equipment

風土ふうどfuudo

natural features, climate

詰るなじるnajiru

to rebuke, to scold, to tell off

運用うんようun'you

making use of, application, practical use

建前たてまえtatemae

position; stance one takes in public; principle

公認こうにんkounin

official recognition, authorization

shameful, mean, despicable

生後せいごseigo

post-natal; since birth

蔵くらkura

warehouse, cellar

まるっきりmarukkiri

completely, perfectly, just as if

郷里きょうりkyouri

birth-place, home town

館内かんないkannai

inside a library, museum, cinema, etc.; on the premises

暗黙あんもくanmoku

tacit; unspoken; implicit

分かつわかつwakatsu

to divide; to separate

inclination, slope, dip

X-ray (lit: Roentgen)

発芽はつがhatsuga

germination

覆すくつがえすkutsugaesu

to overturn, to upset, to overthrow

喜ばしいよろこばしいyorokobashii

joyful (news, event, etc.); joyous; delightful (e.g. result); pleasing (e.g. sight)

元来がんらいganrai

originally, naturally

自主じしゅjishu

independence, autonomy

土日どにちdonichi

weekend; Saturday and Sunday

均等きんとうkintou

equal (distribution, treatment, level, etc.); even; uniform

指令しれいshirei

orders, instructions, directive

配分はいぶんhaibun

distribution, allotment

執着しゅうじゃくshuujaku

attachment, adhesion, tenacity

優位ゆういyuui

predominance, ascendancy, superiority

取り調べるとりしらべるtorishiraberu

to investigate, to examine

反撃はんげきhangeki

counterattack, counteroffensive, counterblow

暦こよみkoyomi

calendar, almanac

だるいdarui

sluggish, feel heavy (tired), languid

痛ましいいたましいitamashii

pitiful; heartbreaking; heartrending; touching

天地てんちtenchi

heaven and earth, the universe

deep sea; depths of the sea; ocean depths

偽造ぎぞうgizou

forgery, fabrication, counterfeiting

貧弱ひんじゃくhinjaku

poor, meager, insubstantial

緩むゆるむyurumu

to become loose, to slacken

貪欲どんよくdon'yoku

greedy; avaricious; covetous

restraint, restriction, confinement

心遣いこころづかいkokorozukai

consideration (for); thoughtfulness; solicitude; care

平方へいほうheihou

square (e.g., meter, square)

楽譜がくふgakufu

score (music, sheet music)

dance (esp. Western style); dancing

陳列ちんれつchinretsu

exhibition, display, show

moving first; person with the first move

配偶者はいぐうしゃhaiguusha

spouse

躍起やっきyakki

desperate; frantic; excited; worked up

estimation, quotation

前期ぜんきzenki

first term; first half-year; preceding period; early period

going up in flames; destruction by fire (esp. of a large building)

雨水あまみずamamizu

rain water

同封どうふうdoufuu

enclosure (e.g., in a letter)

仏像ぶつぞうbutsuzou

Buddhist image (statue)

重んじるおもんじるomonjiru

to respect, to honor, to esteem, to prize

発掘はっくつhakkutsu

excavation, exhumation; discovery (e.g., new talent)

gentle, mild, moderate

即死そくしsokushi

instant death

刻々こっこくkokkoku

moment by moment; hour by hour

character, traits, ethos

粘るねばるnebaru

to be sticky, to be adhesive, to persist, to stick to

島々しまじまshimajima

islands

身の回りみのまわりminomawari

one's personal appearance, personal belongings

平たいひらたいhiratai

flat, even, level

黒字くろじkuroji

balance (figure) in the black

急増きゅうぞうkyuuzou

rapid increase; sharp rise; proliferation; surge

がっしりgasshiri

firmly, solidly, tough

梢こずえkozue

treetop

劣化れっかrekka

deterioration (in quality, performance, etc.); degradation; worsening

勲章くんしょうkunshou

decoration

難題なんだいnandai

difficult problem; challenge

新米しんまいshinmai

new rice; first rice crop of the year

仕掛けしかけshikake

device, trick, mechanism

day and night, always

申し分もうしぶんmoushibun

objection, shortcomings

揺さぶるゆさぶるyusaburu

to shake, to jolt, to rock, to swing

連ねるつらねるtsuraneru

to link, to join, to put together

びらbira

handout, leaflet

停滞ていたいteitai

stagnation, tie-up, congestion, retention

体裁ていさいteisai

decency, style, form, appearance

凝らすこらすkorasu

to concentrate, to devote, to peer into

日和ひよりhiyori

weather; climatic conditions

とんとんtonton

with a tap; with a knock; with a knocking sound; with a rap-tap

荷造りにづくりnizukuri

packing, baling, crating

惨敗ざんぱいzanpai

crushing failure

中傷ちゅうしょうchuushou

slander, libel, defamation

concession, conciliation, compromise

短気たんきtanki

quick temper

真冬まふゆmafuyu

midwinter; dead of winter

negligence, carelessness

heartening, reassuring

うとうとutouto

falling into a doze; dozing off; nodding off

遍歴へんれきhenreki

experiences

再発さいはつsaihatsu

return, relapse, reoccurrence

to play dumb, to feign ignorance, to play innocent, to have a blank facial expression; to play the fool; to be in one's dotage

くすぐったいkusuguttai

ticklish

冬眠とうみんtoumin

hibernation, winter sleep

漁るあさるasaru

to fish

係員かかりいんkakariin

person in charge; official; attendant

弾劾だんがいdangai

impeachment

配給はいきゅうhaikyuu

distribution (e.g., films, rice

憂いうれいurei

grief

並列へいれつheiretsu

arrangement, parallel, abreast

野獣やじゅうyajuu

wild beast; wild animal; brute

否認ひにんhinin

denial; negation; repudiation; disapproval

おびただしいobitadashii

abundantly, innumerably

硬直こうちょくkouchoku

stiffness

失格しっかくshikkaku

disqualification, elimination, incapacity (legal)

beatitude; supreme bliss

暴風ぼうふうboufuu

storm, windstorm, gale

力士りきしrikishi

sumo wrestler; rikishi

慢性まんせいmansei

chronic

なるたけnarutake

as much as possible, if possible

輪郭りんかくrinkaku

outline

階層かいそうkaisou

class, level, stratum, hierarchy

仕込みしこみshikomi

training; education; upbringing

砂利じゃりjari

gravel, ballast, pebbles

それゆえsoreyue

therefore, for that reason, so

即刻そっこくsokkoku

immediately; at once; instantly

effect, virtue, efficacy

興業こうぎょうkougyou

starting a business; industry

責務せきむsekimu

duty, obligation

注釈ちゅうしゃくchuushaku

notes; comment; remark; annotation

呪うのろうnorou

to curse

生温いなまぬるいnamanurui

lukewarm, halfhearted

見張りみはりmihari

watch; guard; lookout; surveillance

激励げきれいgekirei

encouragement

すくうすくう (みずを～)sukuu (mizuwo～)

to scoop

家来けらいkerai

retainer, retinue, servant

初耳はつみみhatsumimi

something heard for the first time

夏場なつばnatsuba

summertime; summer season

冷淡れいたんreitan

coolness, indifference

to hinder, to interfere with, to affect

現像げんぞうgenzou

developing (film)

拡散かくさんkakusan

scattering, diffusion

不振ふしんfushin

dullness, slump, stagnation

抹消まっしょうmasshou

erase

授与じゅよjuyo

awarding; conferment; granting; presentation

健やかすこやかsukoyaka

vigorous, healthy, sound

同類どうるいdourui

the same kind; accomplice; partner

中腹ちゅうふくchuufuku

mountain side, halfway up

go-between, matchmaker

winning a prize or place (in a contest

間中あいだじゅうaidajuu

during

調印ちょういんchouin

signature, sign, sealing

public appeal, public contribution

to swell (out), to be inflated, to bulge

購買こうばいkoubai

purchase, buy

富豪ふごうfugou

wealthy person, millionaire

恩師おんしonshi

teacher (to whom one owes a debt of gratitude); mentor; one's former teacher

切れ目きれめkireme

break, pause, gap

主観しゅかんshukan

subjectivity, subject, ego

劇団げきだんgekidan

troupe, theatrical company

賑わうにぎわうnigiwau

to prosper, to flourish, to be crowded with people

弁論べんろんbenron

discussion, debate, argument

とげとげ (をさす)toge (wosasu)

thorn

出前でまえdemae

home delivery (of food); outside catering

情緒じょうちょjoucho

emotion, feeling

肉親にくしんnikushin

blood relationship, blood relative

閉口へいこうheikou

shut mouth

雑木ぞうきzouki

various kinds of small trees, assorted trees

分泌ぶんぴつbunpitsu

secretion

生き甲斐いきがいikigai

something one lives for, very important

meat eating; eating of meat; meat diet

化けるばけるbakeru

to disguise, to take the form of

揺らぐゆらぐyuragu

to swing, to sway, to shake

頂いただきitadaki

summit

打開だかいdakai

solution, breakthrough

手抜きてぬきtenuki

omitting crucial steps; cutting corners; skimping

語源ごげんgogen

word root, word derivation, etymology

産婦人科さんふじんかsanfujinka

maternity and gynecology department

in one's hands; in one's control

静止せいしseishi

stillness, repose, standing still

さえずるsaezuru

to sing, to chirp, to twitter

edict, ordinance, proclamation

methodical, punctual, steady

着色ちゃくしょくchakushoku

coloring, coloring

債務さいむsaimu

debt; liabilities; obligation to a person or party (usu. legal or contractual)

文化財ぶんかざいbunkazai

cultural assets, cultural property

食費しょくひshokuhi

food expenses; money for food; charge for board

避妊ひにんhinin

contraception; birth control

抽選ちゅうせんchuusen

lottery, raffle, drawing (of lots)

召喚しょうかんshoukan

summon

中退ちゅうたいchuutai

leaving school during a term

治癒ちゆchiyu

healing

ちやほやchiyahoya

pamper, make a fuss of, spoil

きっかりkikkari

exactly, precisely

拝啓はいけいhaikei

-- a formal greeting used at the beginning of a letter --

鉢植えはちうえhachiue

potted plant

集計しゅうけいshuukei

totalization, aggregate

sign, omen, indication

寿ことぶきkotobuki

congratulations; felicitations; best wishes

年賀ねんがnenga

New Year's greetings, New Year's card

羽毛うもうumou

feather; plume; plumage; down

cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

合致がっちgatchi

agreement, concurrence, conforming to

原形げんけいgenkei

original form, base form

定評ていひょうteihyou

established reputation

標語ひょうごhyougo

motto, slogan, catchword

商談しょうだんshoudan

business discussion; negotiation

王妃おうひouhi

queen

長編ちょうへんchouhen

long (e.g., novel, film)

memento (esp. of a deceased person); keepsake; heirloom; remembrance

allowance; remittance; sending (someone) an allowance

甚大じんだいjindai

very great; enormous; serious

(very) cheap; (very) inexpensive; cut-price; bargain (price)

to disagree, to dispute

くじkuji

lottery; lot; raffle; draw

discord; trouble; dissension; disagreement

庶民的しょみんてきshominteki

ordinary

しくじるshikujiru

to fail, to fall through, to blunder

繕うつくろうtsukurou

to mend, to repair

機敏きびんkibin

quick; prompt; alert; smart

落ち度おちどochido

mistake; error; fault; slip

to indulge in, to give oneself up to, to be absorbed in

悪気わるぎwarugi

ill will; malice; evil intent

不調ふちょうfuchou

bad condition, disorder, slump

お手上げおてあげoteage

given in, given up hope

Lower House, House of Representatives

出没しゅつぼつshutsubotsu

appearing frequently

画廊がろうgarou

art gallery (esp. artworks for sale); picture gallery

嫌々いやいやiyaiya

reluctantly, by no means, unwillingly

hesitance, diffidence, feeling constraint

未定みていmitei

not yet fixed, undecided, pending

丸ごとまるごとmarugoto

in its entirety, whole, wholly

石垣いしがきishigaki

stone wall

防水ぼうすいbousui

waterproofing; making watertight

本場ほんばhonba

home, best place, genuine

冷戦れいせんreisen

cold war; the Cold War

決けつketsu

decision, vote

くしゃくしゃkushakusha

crumpled; rumpled; wrinkled; creased

取り締まりとりしまりtorishimari

control, crackdown, supervision

consign (goods (for sale) to a firm), entrust

government business, public use, public expense

(one's) quota; assignment

(abbr.) imported, outpatient clinic

contention; competition; rivalry; quarrel

増進ぞうしんzoushin

promoting, increase, advance

街頭がいとうgaitou

in the street

胃腸いちょうichou

stomach and intestines; gastrointestinal tract; digestive organs

resignation; leaving office

仏壇ぶつだんbutsudan

buddhist altar

補足ほそくhosoku

supplement, complement

open field, empty lot, plain

用法ようほうyouhou

directions, rules of use

旧知きゅうちkyuuchi

old friend, old friendship

隅々すみずみsumizumi

every nook and cranny

自首じしゅjishu

surrender, give oneself up

軟化なんかnanka

softening

潤ううるおうuruou

to be moist; to profit by

お宮おみやomiya

Shinto shrine

値引きねびきnebiki

price reduction, discount

培うつちかうtsuchikau

to cultivate

諦めあきらめakirame

resignation, reconciliation, consolation

(humble) (polite) borrowing

wet through, drenched

to be renewed; to be formal

ＲＯＭロムromu

read-only memory; ROM

果敢かかんkakan

resolute

侵すおかすokasu

to invade, to raid, to trespass

受身うけみukemi

passive, passive voice

ぼやけるboyakeru

to become dim, to become blurred

脊椎せきついsekitsui

spine

のどかnodoka

tranquil, calm, quiet

奇抜きばつkibatsu

(very) unusual; unconventional; eccentric; novel

村民そんみんsonmin

villager

無益むえきmueki

useless; futile; vain

伏線ふくせんfukusen

foreshadowing

炎症えんしょうenshou

inflammation; irritation

軽快けいかいkeikai

lively, casual, light

全校ぜんこうzenkou

the whole school

余すあますamasu

to save; to leave over; to spare

sweetness; sugary taste

treasury; treasure house; storehouse; repository

入れ墨いれずみirezumi

tattoo (esp. a traditional Japanese one); tattooing

勤労きんろうkinrou

labor, exertion, diligent service

猟犬りょうけんryouken

hound; hunting dog; gun dog

seeing off and meeting on return

募金ぼきんbokin

fund-raising, collection of funds

pavement, road surface

碑文ひぶんhibun

inscription

計上けいじょうkeijou

including (a cost) in a total calculation; appropriating (a sum of money); recording; allocating

放浪ほうろうhourou

wandering

左利きひだりききhidarikiki

left-handedness, sake drinker, left-hander

決算けっさんkessan

balance sheet, settlement of accounts

独創どくそうdokusou

originality

恵むめぐむmegumu

to bless, to show mercy to

charm; attractiveness; amiability; winsomeness

未開みかいmikai

savage land, backward region, uncivilized

脱退だったいdattai

secession, withdrawal

保育ほいくhoiku

nursing, nurturing, rearing

(bank) balance, remainder

違えるちがえるchigaeru

to change

目録もくろくmokuroku

catalogue, catalog, list

carrying on one's back (erg. Baby)

fluke; chance; pure luck

所定しょていshotei

fixed, prescribed

執行猶予しっこうゆうよshikkouyuuyo

suspended sentence

遠回りとおまわりtoomawari

detour, roundabout way

arrogant; haughty; insolent

付録ふろくfuroku

appendix, supplement

独り占めひとりじめhitorijime

hogging; having all to oneself; monopolising; monopolizing

pass with no objection, slim, slender

交付こうふkoufu

delivering, furnishing (with copies)

重んずるおもんずるomonzuru

to honor, to respect, to value

hanging low (of clouds)

規範きはんkihan

model, standard, example

左折させつsasetsu

turning to the left; left turn

憤りいきどおりikidoori

resentment

稲作いなさくinasaku

rice cultivation; rice crop

親善しんぜんshinzen

friendship

汚名おめいomei

bad name; bad reputation; disgrace; dishonour

真心まごころmagokoro

sincerity, devotion

奉るたてまつるtatematsuru

to offer, to do respectfully

印鑑いんかんinkan

stamp, seal

仕上がりしあがりshiagari

finish, end, completion

滞納たいのうtainou

non-payment, default

前置きまえおきmaeoki

preface, introduction

だらだらdaradara

in drops; dripping; trickling; streaming

ずばりzubari

decisively, unreservedly, frankly

来賓らいひんraihin

guest

潜入せんにゅうsennyuu

infiltration, sneaking in

余命よめいyomei

remainder of one's life; one's remaining days; time left (to live)

送金そうきんsoukin

remittance, sending money

鳥居とりいtorii

Shinto shrine archway

時価じかjika

current value; price; market value

supremacy, predominance, being superior to

隈なくくまなくkumanaku

all over; everywhere; in every nook and cranny

倹約けんやくken'yaku

thrift, economy, frugality

eel (esp. the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica)

目論見もくろみmokuromi

a plan, a scheme, intention

即するそくするsokusuru

to conform to, to agree with, to be adapted to,

ずぶぬれzubunure

soaked, dripping wet

融通ゆうずうyuuzuu

adaptability, versatility, finance

ちらちらchirachira

falling lightly (e.g. snow, petals, confetti); fluttering

右折うせつusetsu

turning to the right; right turn

賛美さんびsanbi

praise, adoration, glorification

especially, above all

abundant harvest, bumper crop

立法りっぽうrippou

legislation, lawmaking

円高えんだかendaka

appreciation of the yen; strong yen

首位しゅいshui

first place; head position; leading position

噴煙ふんえんfun'en

volcanic smoke

手近てぢかtejika

near, handy, familiar

柚子ゆずyuzu

yuzu (Citrus ichangensis x C. reticulata)

守衛しゅえいshuei

security guard, doorkeeper

受け入れうけいれukeire

receiving, acceptance

うずうずuzuuzu

itching to do something; impatient; sorely tempted; eager

受講じゅこうjukou

taking a lecture; attending a class; taking a course

unpolished rice; unmilled rice; brown rice

下心したごころshitagokoro

secret intention, motive

打撲だぼくdaboku

blow; hit (on the body); beating

採択さいたくsaitaku

adoption, selection, choice

紡ぐつむぐtsumugu

to spin

幹線かんせんkansen

main line, trunk line

不慣れふなれfunare

inexperienced; unfamiliar (with); unversed; lacking experience

老舗しにせshinise

old shop

水際みずぎわmizugiwa

water's edge; waterside; shore

観覧かんらんkanran

viewing

心得こころえkokoroe

knowledge, information

漆黒しっこくshikkoku

jet black

かぶれるkabureru

to react to; to be influenced by

蓮根れんこんrenkon

lotus root

精進しょうじんshoujin

concentration; diligence; devotion

不倫ふりんfurin

adultery

餃子ギョーザgyooza

gyoza; pot sticker; crescent-shaped pan-fried dumplings stuffed with minced pork and vegetables

日取りひどりhidori

fixed date, appointed day

盆栽ぼんさいbonsai

bonsai

霰あられarare

hail (e.g., falling ice balls)

円満えんまんenman

harmony, peace, smoothness

凡人ぼんじんbonjin

ordinary person; average person; mediocre person

to feel shy, to be bashful, to blush

軒先のきさきnokisaki

edge of the eaves; house frontage

おどおどodoodo

coweringly, hesitantly

31-syllable Japanese poem

迎賓館げいひんかんgeihinkan

reception hall

動きうごきugoki

movement, activity, trend

settlement, conclusion

堕胎だたいdatai

abortion

振動しんどうshindou

oscillation, vibration

ノイローゼnoirooze

neurosis (GER: Neurose)

compensation, reparation, reimbursement

a long time ago; long before now

trouble; quarrel; difficulties; complication

悩ましいなやましいnayamashii

seductive, melancholy, languid

uncertain, vague, ambiguous

作りつくりtsukuri

make up, structure, physique

呆れ返るあきれかえるakirekaeru

to be utterly amazed

ぶっきら棒ぶっきらぼうbukkirabou

to jar, to creak, to grate

尊ぶとうとぶtoutobu

to value, to prize, to esteem

to be jealous, to be envious

非凡ひぼんhibon

prodigy

目先めさきmesaki

before one's eyes; under one's nose

learning; studying the fine arts

北欧ほくおうhokuou

Northern Europe; Nordic countries; Scandinavia

主たるしゅたるshutaru

main; principal; chief; primary

stand in a row, form a line

呆気あっけakke

dumbfounded

民宿みんしゅくminshuku

private house providing lodging and meals to tourists

自ずからおのずからonozukara

naturally, as a matter of course

法学ほうがくhougaku

law, jurisprudence

内乱ないらんnairan

civil war, domestic conflict

時期尚早じきしょうそうjikishousou

premature

威力いりょくiryoku

power, might, authority

立て替えるたてかえるtatekaeru

to pay in advance, to pay for another

本体ほんたいhontai

substance, body, trunk

引き取るひきとるhikitoru

to take back; to adopt; to leave

ばらまくbaramaku

to disseminate, to scatter

覆面ふくめんfukumen

mask, veil, disguise

重複ちょうふくchoufuku

duplication, repetition, overlapping, redundancy, restoration

the items, breakdown, classification

禁じるきんじるkinjiru

to prohibit

船旅ふなたびfunatabi

trip by boat; sea trip; voyage; cruise

むしるmushiru

to pluck, to pick, to tear

おろそかorosoka

neglect, negligence, carelessness

幹みきmiki

(tree) trunk

座談会ざだんかいzadankai

symposium, round-table discussion

上り坂のぼりざかnoborizaka

ascent; uphill; upward slope

塚つかtsuka

mound

私物しぶつshibutsu

private property, personal effects

holding two jobs at the same time

original plan; original bill; original motion; draft

濁流だくりゅうdakuryuu

muddy current

てんでtende

(not) at all, altogether, entirely

doctor's visit, house call

natural calamity, disaster

痛切つうせつtsuusetsu

keen, deep

据え付けるすえつけるsuetsukeru

to install, to equip, to mount

盗品とうひんtouhin

stolen goods; stolen article; loot; spoils

price reduction; price cut; reduction in price; markdown

公約こうやくkouyaku

public commitment; public promise; campaign pledge; official vow

noisily (running around); with heavy feet

gradually, here and there, spots

nostalgia, homesickness

介抱かいほうkaihou

nursing, looking after

統帥とうすいtousui

supreme command

魚介ぎょかいgyokai

marine products; seafood; fish and shellfish

思慕しぼshibo

yearning

瑞々しいみずみずしいmizumizushii

fresh

橋渡しはしわたしhashiwatashi

bridge building', mediation

人違いひとちがいhitochigai

mistaking one person for another; (case of) mistaken identity

伝来でんらいdenrai

ancestral, hereditary, imported

heat wave; fierce heat

職権しょっけんshokken

one's (official) authority; ex-officio authority; power

軽食けいしょくkeishoku

light meal; snack; refreshments

手掛けるてがけるtegakeru

to handle, to manage, to work with

海抜かいばつkaibatsu

height above sea level

修学しゅうがくshuugaku

learning

子守こもりkomori

looking after a baby; taking care of a baby; babysitting; babysitter

滞るとどこおるtodokooru

to stagnate, to be delayed

眠たいねむたいnemutai

sleepy

弟妹ていまいteimai

younger brother and sister

草の根くさのねkusanone

roots of grass; places hidden from sight

出典しゅってんshutten

source (e.g. quotation); authority

巨匠きょしょうkyoshou

master

尺しゃくshaku

shaku (unit of distance approximately equal to 30.3 cm)

失脚しっきゃくshikkyaku

losing one's standing, being overthrown, falling

含有がんゆうgan'yuu

containing (an ingredient, mineral, etc.)

唆すそそのかすsosonokasu

to instigate; to tempt; to entice; to incite

中和ちゅうわchuuwa

neutralize, counteract

ましてmashite

still more, still less (with neg. verb), to say nothing of

先住せんじゅうsenjuu

original inhabitant; aboriginal

一重ひとえhitoe

one layer; single layer

to follow, to conform, to apply to

白書はくしょhakusho

white paper (government report)

動的どうてきdouteki

dynamic, kinetic

副業ふくぎょうfukugyou

side job; sideline; subsidiary business

mild, calm, harmonious

茜色あかねいろakaneiro

madder red, dark red

石器せっきsekki

stone implement (e.g. stone age arrowheads); stone tool

尚且つなおかつnaokatsu

and yet

聞き取りききとりkikitori

listening comprehension

感無量かんむりょうkanmuryou

deep feeling, filled with emotion

礼状れいじょうreijou

acknowledgment; acknowledgement; letter of thanks

offering prizes, winning, reward

眼科がんかganka

ophthalmology

山葵わさびwasabi

wasabi (Wasabia japonica); Japanese horseradish

専らもっぱらmoppara

wholly, solely, entirely

和紙わしwashi

washi; Japanese paper

剥げるはげるhageru

to come off, to be worn off, to fade, to discolor

生育せいいくseiiku

growth, development, breeding

helmet (of a warrior); headpiece

貫き通すつらぬきとおすtsuranukitoosu

to be careful, to be chaste or discreet

納まるおさまるosamaru

to settle into; to be obtained

方向音痴ほうこうおんちhoukouonchi

no sense of direction

噛み切るかみきるkamikiru

to bite off, to gnaw through

family predecessor, previous age, previous generation

就業しゅうぎょうshuugyou

employment, starting work

入植にゅうしょくnyuushoku

settlement; immigration

父方ちちかたchichikata

father's side of family

mixed race, mixed parentage

司るつかさどるtsukasadoru

to rule, to govern, to administer

be beyond one's power, be unable

actual expense, cost price

broken (in reference to speaking style, e.g., Japanese)

comment; criticism; critique; review

脚色きゃくしょくkyakushoku

dramatization (e.g., film

疎外そがいsogai

estrangement

善し悪しよしあしyoshiashi

good or bad, merits or demerits, quality

浪人ろうにんrounin

ronin

さらうさらう (こどもを～)sarau (kodomowo～)

confused, jumbled, mixed up, unreasonable

踏まえるふまえるfumaeru

to be based on, to have origin in

漢語かんごkango

Chinese word, Sino-Japanese word

贈呈ぞうていzoutei

presentation

兼用けんようken'you

multi-use, combined use

けがらわしいkegarawashii

filthy, unfair

振り出しふりだしfuridashi

outset, starting point, drawing or issuing (draft)

就労しゅうろうshuurou

working; being employed; being hired

秀逸しゅういつshuuitsu

excellence

勝ち負けかちまけkachimake

victory or defeat; victory and defeat

残余ざんよzan'yo

remainder

いたわるitawaru

to sympathize with, to console, to care for

complete recovery of health

挑発ちょうはつchouhatsu

provocation

防火ぼうかbouka

fire prevention, fire fighting, fire proof

特集とくしゅうtokushuu

feature (e.g., newspaper, special edition, report)

雲行きくもゆきkumoyuki

weather; look of the sky

玄人くろうとkurouto

expert, professional

服役ふくえきfukueki

penal servitude; serving time in prison

優遇ゆうぐうyuuguu

preferential treatment

穂ほho

ear (of plant), head (of plant)

未練みれんmiren

lingering affection, attachment, regret(s)

つじつまつじつま (はなしの～)tsujitsuma (hanashino～)

coherence, consistency

きらびやかkirabiyaka

gorgeous, gaudy, dazzling

惰性だせいdasei

inertia, force of habit

脈拍みゃくはくmyakuhaku

pulse

根底こんていkontei

root, basis, foundation

何遍なんべんnanben

how many times

竿さおsao

rod, pole (e.g., for drying laundry)

原点げんてんgenten

origin (coordinates, starting point)

name of an era, year number

危ぶむあやぶむayabumu

to fear, to have misgivings, to be doubtful

starting, inauguration

being outstanding; excelling; being foremost

インテリinteri

(abbr.) egghead, intelligentsia

Our ~ (e.g., Hotel, plane, etc.)

misprint; misspelling; typo; typographical error

製鉄せいてつseitetsu

iron manufacture

うぬぼれunubore

pretension, conceit, hubris

deep pool; deep water; abyss

教習きょうしゅうkyoushuu

training, instruction

虚栄きょえいkyoei

vanity; vainglory

斡旋あっせんassen

kind offices, mediation

health preservation, recuperation, recreation

脱水だっすいdassui

dehydration (removal of water); desiccation; evaporation

薄着うすぎusugi

being lightly dressed

taste, liking, preference

大麦おおむぎoomugi

barley (Hordeum vulgare)

一抹いちまつichimatsu

a little

差額さがくsagaku

balance, difference, margin

ぞんざいzonzai

rude, careless, slovenly

空洞くうどうkuudou

hollow

寄贈きぞうkizou

donation, presentation

脆いもろいmoroi

brittle, fragile, tender-hearted

共働きともばたらきtomobataraki

dual income (husband and wife both working)

山腹さんぷくsanpuku

hillside, mountainside

朗読ろうどくroudoku

reading aloud, recitation

shout, scream, outcry

hairy caterpillar; woolly bear

(water-filled) paddy field

蛋白質たんぱくしつtanpakushitsu

outing; excursion; pleasure trip; going on a picnic

ふんfun

hmm; well ...; humph; huh

某所ぼうしょbousho

a certain place

新陳代謝しんちんたいしゃshinchintaisha

metabolism

割高わりだかwaridaka

comparatively high; fairly expensive

原書げんしょgensho

original document

明朗めいろうmeirou

bright, clear, cheerful

用品ようひんyouhin

articles, supplies, parts

除名じょめいjomei

striking off a name; dropping a name (from a list); expulsion; excommunication

冥界めいかいmeikai

underworld

概略がいりゃくgairyaku

outline, summary, gist

叙勲じょくんjokun

conferring of decorations

隠居いんきょinkyo

retirement; retired person

disaster, shipwreck, accident

unevenness, inconsistency, irregularity

戸締まりとじまりtojimari

closing up, locking the doors

軽減けいげんkeigen

reduction, lessening

停学ていがくteigaku

suspension from school

to sneer at, to ridicule

鋳造ちゅうぞうchuuzou

casting

弔辞ちょうじchouji

message of condolence

倫理学りんりがくrinrigaku

ethics

瞬きまばたきmabataki

wink, twinkling (of stars), flicker (of light)

veranda, porch, balcony, open corridor

取り扱いとりあつかいtoriatsukai

treatment, handling, management

焦げ茶こげちゃkogecha

dark brown

乗っ取るのっとるnottoru

to capture, to occupy, to take over

赴任ふにんfunin

(proceeding to) new appointment

紛らわしいまぎらわしいmagirawashii

confusing, misleading, ambiguous

途絶えるとだえるtodaeru

to stop, to cease, to come to an end

自叙伝じじょでんjijoden

autobiography

閃くひらめくhirameku

to flash (e.g. lightning); to flicker; to glitter; to sparkle

びりbiri

last on the list, at the bottom

first anniversary of death

苗木なえぎnaegi

seedling

気立てきだてkidate

good-natured, kind-hearted

見込みみこみmikomi

prospects, expectation, hope

手回してまわしtemawashi

preparations, arrangements

免職めんしょくmenshoku

dismissal; sacking; discharge

丸々まるまるmarumaru

completely

感度かんどkando

sensitivity, severity (quake)

賄うまかなうmakanau

to give board to, to provide meals, to pay

国有こくゆうkokuyuu

national ownership

急進きゅうしんkyuushin

rapid progress; radical progress

初雪はつゆきhatsuyuki

first snow (of the season); first snowfall

both extremities, north and south poles

血脈けつみゃくketsumyaku

lineage

略奪りゃくだつryakudatsu

pillage, looting, robbery

right under, directly below

諭すさとすsatosu

to admonish, to persuade

人文じんぶんjinbun

humanity; civilization; civilisation; culture

手際てぎわtegiwa

performance, skill, tact

resolution, decision, vote

minced meat; ground meat

都庁とちょうtochou

Tokyo Metropolitan Government (Office)

塗料とりょうtoryou

paint

予てかねてkanete

previously, already, lately

抱擁ほうようhouyou

embrace

還元かんげんkangen

resolution, reduction, return

行き違いいきちがいikichigai

misunderstanding, disagreement

垢あかaka

dirt, filth

祝賀しゅくがshukuga

celebration, congratulations

冷やかすひやかすhiyakasu

to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to cool, to refrigerate

歳入さいにゅうsainyuu

annual revenue (government); annual income (government); budget receipts

heated argument; heated discussion; heated debate

launching (e.g., newspaper, first issue)

虐げるしいたげるshiitageru

to oppress

倍率ばいりつbairitsu

diameter, magnification

out of stock; sold out

哀悼あいとうaitou

condolence; regret; tribute; sorrow

厳かおごそかogosoka

majestic, dignified

安っぽいやすっぽいyasuppoi

cheap-looking, tawdry

調停ちょうていchoutei

arbitration, conciliation, mediation

潜伏せんぷくsenpuku

conceal

変遷へんせんhensen

change, transition, vicissitudes

aid; help; assistance; support

water's edge, beach, shore

rejection, negation, voting down

連立れんりつrenritsu

coalition; alliance; union

rough sketch (FRE: dessin)

skipping rope; jump rope

書き取るかきとるkakitoru

to write down, to take dictation

to covet; to crave; to be greedy for; to hunger for

統括とうかつtoukatsu

unification

こたつkotatsu

table with heater, (originally) charcoal brazier in a floor well

税込みぜいこみzeikomi

including tax (of a price); pretax (income or profits); before tax

to encourage, to cheer, to raise (the voice)

conventional, trite, common

opening up, cutting through

agricultural products

棄権きけんkiken

abstain from voting, renunciation of a right

soaked; drenched; sopping; soppy

long-expected, waiting

to let leak, to reveal

new graduate; recent graduate

添削てんさくtensaku

correction; looking over; touching up

to be well liked, to be popular

争いあらそいarasoi

dispute, quarrel, conflict

埋蔵まいぞうmaizou

buried property, treasure trove

English letter (character)

窮乏きゅうぼうkyuubou

poverty

休館きゅうかんkyuukan

closure (of a library, museum, etc.)

茶の間ちゃのまchanoma

living room (Japanese style)

真ん前まんまえmanmae

right in front, under the nose

気障きざkiza

affectation, conceit, snobbery

適性てきせいtekisei

aptitude

薄弱はくじゃくhakujaku

feebleness, weakness, weak

sending back; return to sender

降雪こうせつkousetsu

snowfall; snow

傷付くきずつくkizutsuku

to be hurt, to be wounded, to get injured

to be confused, to be flustered

煙るけむるkemuru

to smoke (e.g., fire)

老衰ろうすいrousui

senility, senile decay

鼓膜こまくkomaku

eardrum

保温ほおんhoon

retaining warmth, keeping heat in, heat insulation

普遍ふへんfuhen

universality, ubiquity, omnipresence

はかないhakanai

short-lived, momentary, ephemeral

学芸がくげいgakugei

arts and sciences, liberal arts

吹奏すいそうsuisou

playing wind instruments

request, claim, report

綻びるほころびるhokorobiru

to come apart at the seams, to smile broadly

to make progress, to move right ahead (with the work), to advance

余興よきょうyokyou

side show, entertainment

首班しゅはんshuhan

head

代わる代わるかわるがわるkawarugawaru

alternately

ねばねばnebaneba

sticky; gluey; gummy; glutinous

欄干らんかんrankan

guardrail

下調べしたしらべshitashirabe

preliminary investigation

延べのべnobe

futures, credit (buying), stretching, total

分業ぶんぎょうbungyou

division of labor, specialization, assembly-line production

口火くちびkuchibi

fuse; pilot light

凶作きょうさくkyousaku

bad harvest, poor crop

修士しゅうしshuushi

Masters degree program

うきうきukiuki

cheerfully; buoyantly; happily; in high spirits

悼むいたむitamu

to grieve over; to mourn; to lament

懐くなつくnatsuku

to become emotionally attached

grandiose, exaggerated

芳しいかんばしいkanbashii

aromatic

悩みなやみnayami

trouble(s), worry, distress

沿線えんせんensen

along railway line

大部たいぶtaibu

most (e.g., most part, greater, fairly, a good deal, much)

漆器しっきshikki

lacquerware

光熱費こうねつひkounetsuhi

cost of fuel and light

書評しょひょうshohyou

book review

財源ざいげんzaigen

source of funds, resources, finances

かくかく (はじを)kaku (hajiwo)

bad reputation, disgrace, unpopularity

産後さんごsango

postpartum, after childbirth

静粛せいしゅくseishuku

silent

海運かいうんkaiun

marine transportation

to reflect, to throw back light

essential, fundamental, crucial

command, generalship, leadership

蝕むむしばむmushibamu

to be worm-eaten; to be eaten by worms

cold, short, curt, blunt

state-sponsored, national

to slacken, to loosen, to relax

鶏卵けいらんkeiran

chicken egg

げっそりgessori

being disheartened, losing weight

調べしらべshirabe

investigation, inspection

manufacturing method, recipe, formula

濯ぐすすぐsusugu

to rinse, to wash out

釣り鐘つりがねtsurigane

temple bell (for striking)

養護ようごyougo

protection, nursing, protective care

お絞りおしぼりoshibori

wet towel (supplied at table); hot, moistened hand towel

必須条件ひっすじょうけんhissujouken

prerequisite, essential condition

application, request, proposal

小売こうりkouri

retail

満場まんじょうmanjou

unanimous, whole audience

無休むきゅうmukyuu

without a holiday; nonstop

逸品いっぴんippin

gem

宙返りちゅうがえりchuugaeri

somersault, looping-the-loop

contrary, opposite, inverse

iron rod, crowbar, horizontal bar (gymnastics)

名残なごりnagori

remains, traces, memory

醜聞しゅうぶんshuubun

scandal

根回しねまわしnemawashi

making necessary arrangements

to bother, to harass, to molest

辟易へきえきhekieki

wince, shrink back, succumbing to, being frightened

conclusion, settlement, consistency

改悪かいあくkaiaku

deterioration, changing for the worse

特派とくはtokuha

send specially, special envoy

駆け足かけあしkakeashi

running fast, double time

醸造じょうぞうjouzou

brewing

管弦楽団かんげんがくだんkangengakudan

orchestra

いたってitatte

very much, exceedingly, extremely

空ろうつろutsuro

blank, hollow, empty

三味線しゃみせんshamisen

three-stringed Japanese guitar

国勢こくせいkokusei

state of a country (population, resources, etc.); condition of a country; strength of a country

煙たいけむたいkemutai

smoky, feeling awkward

擁立ようりつyouritsu

backing

略語りゃくごryakugo

abbreviation, acronym

青木あおきaoki

Japanese laurel (Aucuba japonica); spotted laurel

immediate effect; instant effect

欄外らんがいrangai

margin

かさむkasamu

to pile up, to increase

ふくろうfukurou

owl (esp. the Ural owl, Strix uralensis)

severe; harsh; stringent; rigorous

prosperous conditions, healthy economy

風呂屋ふろやfuroya

public bathhouse

転居てんきょtenkyo

moving, changing residence

phonetic-equivalent character, substitute character

着工ちゃっこうchakkou

start of (construction) work

articles of incorporation

洒落るしゃれるshareru

to joke, to play on words; stylish

stickiness, viscosity

菜食さいしょくsaishoku

vegetable diet

退化たいかtaika

degeneration, retrogression

鼓つづみtsuzumi

hand drum

合議ごうぎgougi

consultation, conference

ending, conclusion, union

罷免ひめんhimen

dismissal

殊勲しゅくんshukun

distinguished services, meritorious deeds

清純せいじゅんseijun

purity, innocence

渡り鳥わたりどりwataridori

migratory bird, bird of passage

lack of harmony, imbalance

卸しおろしoroshi

wholesale

心掛けこころがけkokorogake

readiness, intention, aim

歩みあゆみayumi

step, progress, history

to be exhausted, to be worn out

covered with (by, in) ~

劇作げきさくgekisaku

playwriting

感慨無量かんがいむりょうkangaimuryou

to get complicated, to grow worse

precipitation, deposition, settlement

to give an order, to place an order

無報酬むほうしゅうmuhoushuu

without pay

受け持ちうけもちukemochi

charge (of something), matter in one's charge

溜まりたまりtamari

collected things, gathering place, arrears

brilliant, remarkable

養鶏ようけいyoukei

chicken farming

割り当てわりあてwariate

allotment, allocation, quota

浮力ふりょくfuryoku

buoyancy

興じるきょうじるkyoujiru

to amuse oneself, to make merry

looking away, looking aside

public discussion (criticism)

課外かがいkagai

extracurricular

情け深いなさけぶかいnasakebukai

tender-hearted, compassionate

to be damp, to be moist

temporary absence from school, suspension

呉越同舟ごえつどうしゅうgoetsudoushuu

bitter enemies in the same boat, rivals forced to cooperate

粗悪そあくsoaku

coarse

赤らむあからむakaramu

to become red, to blush

婉曲えんきょくenkyoku

euphemistic, indirect, insinuating

年輪ねんりんnenrin

annual tree ring

不順ふじゅんfujun

irregularity, unseasonableness

盛装せいそうseisou

be dressed up, wear rich clothes

一人旅ひとりたびhitoritabi

travelling alone; solitary journey

conduct, behavior, action

an end, a stop, punctuation

下取りしたどりshitadori

trade in, part exchange

～心～しん～shin

mind of ~

折衷せっちゅうsetchuu

compromise, cross, blending, eclecticism

precious, valuable, noble

駄作ださくdasaku

poor work

じゃあjaa

then; well; so; well then

guidance, guide, introduction

to mix, to put together

betting, gambling, a gamble

暖冬だんとうdantou

mild winter; warm winter

general statement, outline

敬具けいぐkeigu

Sincerely (used at the end of letter)

hot topic, talk of the town

telephone exchange number

馴々しいなれなれしいnarenareshii

familiar, make free with

見せ掛けみせかけmisekake

seeming; pose; show; pretense

謝絶しゃぜつshazetsu

refusal

冷夏れいかreika

cool summer; cold summer; cooler-than-normal summer

仕上げしあげshiage

end, finishing touches

弛みたるみtarumi

slack, slackening

共稼ぎともかせぎtomokasegi

working together, (husband and wife) earning a living together

突貫とっかんtokkan

rush

陳列室ちんれつしつchinretsushitsu

showroom

きまりわるいkimariwarui

feeling awkward, being ashamed

世界恐慌せかいきょうこうsekaikyoukou

the great depression

軒並みのきなみnokinami

row of houses; uniformly

下火したびshitabi

burning low, waning, declining

律動的りつどうてきritsudouteki

rhythmical

躾けるしつけるshitsukeru

to discipline, to teach manners

聴講ちょうこうchoukou

lecture attendance, auditing

進度しんどshindo

progress

文語ぶんごbungo

written language, literary language

miserable, pitiable, shameful

紳士協定しんしきょうていshinshikyoutei

gentlemen's agreement

abuse, misuse, using to excess

perfection, completeness, flawless

local express (train, slower than an express)

～寄り～より～yori

near to ~ (e.g., North by East)

Japanese text, sentence in Japanese

rainfall, precipitation

Girls' (dolls') Festival

胆石たんせきtanseki

gallstones

度忘れどわすれdowasure

lapse of memory, forget for a moment

truth, faith, fidelity

こすこす (みずを～)kosu (mizuwo～)

to strain, to filter

代議だいぎdaigi

representing others in a conference

to cut in, to disturb

don't take me wrong, but..., I'm sorry

exchange, conversion, switchover

酌量しゃくりょうshakuryou

making allowances

異見いけんiken

different opinion, objection

itemized form, itemization

襟巻きえりまきerimaki

scarf

清濁せいだくseidaku

good and evil, purity and impurity

imitation, counterfeit

(gram) negation, denial, negative

管弦楽かんげんがくkangengaku

orchestral music

躍如やくじょyakujo

vividly depicted, lifelike

他動詞たどうしtadoushi

transitive verb (direct object)

慶祝けいしゅくkeishuku

congratulation

さつま芋さつまいもsatsumaimo

sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

謹賀新年きんがしんねんkingashinnen

to cease, to become extinct

丹誠たんせいtansei

working earnestly

慶弔けいちょうkeichou

congratulations and condolences

悪因悪果あくいんあっかakuin'akka

to pull down, to lower, to reduce, to withdraw

干し物ほしものhoshimono

dried washing (clothes

泌尿器ひにょうきhinyouki

urinary organs

外方そっぽsoppo

look (or turn) the other way

夜更かしよふかしyofukashi

staying up late, keeping late hours

申し申しもうしもうしmoushimoushi

excuse me

やりとおすyaritoosu

to carry through, to achieve, to complete

おまけomake

a discount; something additional

一別いちべつichibetsu

parting

清ますすますsumasu

to clear, to make clear, to listen for

unreasonably, absurdly, at random

advance sale, booking

everywhere, somewhere

most favorable treatment

～味～み～mi

~ cast (sense of taste)

make an effort!, work hard!

group, party, section (mil)

さっぱりするsapparisuru

to refresh

JLPT N1 questions

How many words do you need for JLPT N1?

Estimates vary, but it is commonly put at over 4,000 new words on top of everything below, for a cumulative vocabulary around 10,000, with roughly 2,000 kanji. It is by far the largest load of any level.

Is N1 the same as being fluent?

Not exactly. N1 shows you can read and understand advanced Japanese, but it does not test speaking or writing. Plenty of N1 holders still work on conversation, and plenty of fluent speakers would find parts of the exam hard.

How long does N1 take?

For most learners it is several years of consistent study from scratch. The final stretch is slow because the remaining vocabulary and grammar are, by their nature, infrequent.

Other JLPT levels

JLPT N5 JLPT N4 JLPT N3 JLPT N2